1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3 Jiangxi Provincial Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang 330029, China
Litter decomposition and C and N dynamics as affected by N additions in a semi-arid temperate steppe, Inner Mongolia of China
1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3 Jiangxi Provincial Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang 330029, China
摘要 Litter decomposition is the fundamental process in nutrient cycling and soil carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. The global-wide increase in nitrogen (N) inputs is expected to alter litter decomposition and，ultimately, affect ecosystem C storage and nutrient status. Temperate grassland ecosystems in China are usually N-deficient and particularly sensitive to the changes in exogenous N additions. In this paper, we conducted a 1,200-day in situ experiment in a typical semi-arid temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia to investigate the litter decomposition as well as the dynamics of litter C and N concentrations under three N addition levels (low N with 50 kg N/(hm2•a) (LN), medium N with 100 kg N/(hm2•a) (MN), and high N with 200 kg N/(hm2•a) (HN)) and three N addition forms (ammonium-N-based with 100 kg N/(hm2•a) as ammonium sulfate (AS), nitrate-N-based with 100 kg N/(hm2•a) as sodium nitrate (SN), and mixed-N-based with 100 kg N/(hm2•a) as calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)) compared to control with no N addition (CK). The results indicated that the litter mass remaining in all N treatments exhib¬ited a similar decomposition pattern: fast decomposition within the initial 120 days, followed by a relatively slow decomposition in the remaining observation period (120–1,200 days). The decomposition pattern in each treatment was fitted well in two split-phase models, namely, a single exponential decay model in phase I (<398 days) and a linear decay function in phase II (>398 days). The three N addition levels exerted insignificant effects on litter decomposition in the early stages (<398 days, phase I; P>0.05). However, MN and HN treatments inhibited litter mass loss after 398 and 746 days, respectively (P<0.05). AS and SN treatments exerted similar effects on litter mass remaining during the entire decomposition period (P>0.05). The effects of these two N addition forms differed greatly from those of CAN after 746 and 1,053 days, respectively (P<0.05). During the decomposition period, N concentrations in the decomposing litter increased whereas C concentrations decreased, which also led to an exponential decrease in litter C:N ratios in all treatments. No significant effects were induced by N addition levels and forms on litter C and N concentrations (P>0.05). Our results indicated that exogenous N additions could exhibit neutral or inhibitory effects on litter decomposition, and the inhibitory effects of N additions on litter decomposition in the final decay stages are not caused by the changes in the chemical qualities of the litter, such as endogenous N and C concentrations. These results will provide an important data basis for the simulation and prediction of C cycle processes in future N-deposition scenarios.
Abstract: Litter decomposition is the fundamental process in nutrient cycling and soil carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. The global-wide increase in nitrogen (N) inputs is expected to alter litter decomposition and，ultimately, affect ecosystem C storage and nutrient status. Temperate grassland ecosystems in China are usually N-deficient and particularly sensitive to the changes in exogenous N additions. In this paper, we conducted a 1,200-day in situ experiment in a typical semi-arid temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia to investigate the litter decomposition as well as the dynamics of litter C and N concentrations under three N addition levels (low N with 50 kg N/(hm2•a) (LN), medium N with 100 kg N/(hm2•a) (MN), and high N with 200 kg N/(hm2•a) (HN)) and three N addition forms (ammonium-N-based with 100 kg N/(hm2•a) as ammonium sulfate (AS), nitrate-N-based with 100 kg N/(hm2•a) as sodium nitrate (SN), and mixed-N-based with 100 kg N/(hm2•a) as calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)) compared to control with no N addition (CK). The results indicated that the litter mass remaining in all N treatments exhib¬ited a similar decomposition pattern: fast decomposition within the initial 120 days, followed by a relatively slow decomposition in the remaining observation period (120–1,200 days). The decomposition pattern in each treatment was fitted well in two split-phase models, namely, a single exponential decay model in phase I (<398 days) and a linear decay function in phase II (>398 days). The three N addition levels exerted insignificant effects on litter decomposition in the early stages (<398 days, phase I; P>0.05). However, MN and HN treatments inhibited litter mass loss after 398 and 746 days, respectively (P<0.05). AS and SN treatments exerted similar effects on litter mass remaining during the entire decomposition period (P>0.05). The effects of these two N addition forms differed greatly from those of CAN after 746 and 1,053 days, respectively (P<0.05). During the decomposition period, N concentrations in the decomposing litter increased whereas C concentrations decreased, which also led to an exponential decrease in litter C:N ratios in all treatments. No significant effects were induced by N addition levels and forms on litter C and N concentrations (P>0.05). Our results indicated that exogenous N additions could exhibit neutral or inhibitory effects on litter decomposition, and the inhibitory effects of N additions on litter decomposition in the final decay stages are not caused by the changes in the chemical qualities of the litter, such as endogenous N and C concentrations. These results will provide an important data basis for the simulation and prediction of C cycle processes in future N-deposition scenarios.
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41073061, 41203054, 40730105, 40973057) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-302).
通讯作者:
YunShe DONG
E-mail: dongys@igsnrr.ac.cn
引用本文:
Qin PENG, YuChun QI, YunShe DONG, YaTing HE, ShengSheng XIAO, XinChao LIU, LiangJie SUN, JunQiang JIA, ShuFang GUO, CongCong CAO. Litter decomposition and C and N dynamics as affected by N additions in a semi-arid temperate steppe, Inner Mongolia of China[J]. 干旱区科学, 2014, 6(4): 432-444.
Qin PENG, YuChun QI, YunShe DONG, YaTing HE, ShengSheng XIAO, XinChao LIU, LiangJie SUN, JunQiang JIA, ShuFang GUO, CongCong CAO. Litter decomposition and C and N dynamics as affected by N additions in a semi-arid temperate steppe, Inner Mongolia of China. Journal of Arid Land, 2014, 6(4): 432-444.
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