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干旱区科学  2012, Vol. 4 Issue (3): 320-329    DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1227.2012.00320
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The fate of fertilizer N applied to cotton in relation to irrigation methods and N dosage in arid area
ChangZhou WEI, TengFei MA, XiaoJuan WANG, Juan WANG
Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
The fate of fertilizer N applied to cotton in relation to irrigation methods and N dosage in arid area
ChangZhou WEI, TengFei MA, XiaoJuan WANG, Juan WANG
Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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摘要 Quantitative information on the fate and efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to coarse textured calcareous soils in arid farming systems is scarce but, as systems intensify, is essential to support sustainable agronomic management decisions. A mesh house study was undertaken to trace the fate of N fertilizer applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv., Huiyuan701) growing on a reconstructed profile (0–100 cm) of a calcareous (>15% CaCO3) sandy loam soil. Two irrigation methods (drip irrigation, DI; and furrow irrigation, FI) and four N application rates (0, 240, 360 and 480 kg/hm2, abbreviated as N0, N240, N360, and N480, respectively) were applied. 15N-labelled urea fertilizer was applied in a split application. DI enhanced the biomass of whole plant and all parts of the plant, except for root; more fertilizer N was taken up and mostly stored in vegetative parts; N utilization efficiency (NUE) was significantly greater than in FI. N utilization efficiency (NUE) decreased from 52.59% in N240 to 36.44% in N480. N residue in soil and plant N uptake increased with increased N dosage, but recovery rate decreased consistently both in DI and FI. Plant N uptake and soil N residue were greater in DI than in FI. N residue mainly stayed within 0–40 cm depth in DI but within 40–80 cm depth in FI. FI showed 17.89% of N leached out, but no N leaching occurred in DI. N recovery rate in the soil-plant system was 75.82% in DI, which was markedly greater than the 55.97% in FI. DI exhibited greater NUE, greater residual N in the soil profile and therefore greater N recovery rate than in FI; also, N distribution in soil profile shallowed in DI, resulting in a reduced risk of N leaching compared to FI; and enhanced shoot growth and reduced root growth in DI is beneficial for more economic yield formation. Compared to furrow irrigation, drip irrigation is an irrigation method where N movement favors the prevention of N from being lost in the plant-soil system and benefits a more efficient use of N.
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ChangZhou WEI
TengFei MA
XiaoJuan WANG
Juan WANG
关键词:  arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi  Gurbantunggut Desert  ephemeral annual plants  ephemeral perennial plants  dynamics  phenology  mycorrhizal colonization  spore density    
Abstract: Quantitative information on the fate and efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to coarse textured calcareous soils in arid farming systems is scarce but, as systems intensify, is essential to support sustainable agronomic management decisions. A mesh house study was undertaken to trace the fate of N fertilizer applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv., Huiyuan701) growing on a reconstructed profile (0–100 cm) of a calcareous (>15% CaCO3) sandy loam soil. Two irrigation methods (drip irrigation, DI; and furrow irrigation, FI) and four N application rates (0, 240, 360 and 480 kg/hm2, abbreviated as N0, N240, N360, and N480, respectively) were applied. 15N-labelled urea fertilizer was applied in a split application. DI enhanced the biomass of whole plant and all parts of the plant, except for root; more fertilizer N was taken up and mostly stored in vegetative parts; N utilization efficiency (NUE) was significantly greater than in FI. N utilization efficiency (NUE) decreased from 52.59% in N240 to 36.44% in N480. N residue in soil and plant N uptake increased with increased N dosage, but recovery rate decreased consistently both in DI and FI. Plant N uptake and soil N residue were greater in DI than in FI. N residue mainly stayed within 0–40 cm depth in DI but within 40–80 cm depth in FI. FI showed 17.89% of N leached out, but no N leaching occurred in DI. N recovery rate in the soil-plant system was 75.82% in DI, which was markedly greater than the 55.97% in FI. DI exhibited greater NUE, greater residual N in the soil profile and therefore greater N recovery rate than in FI; also, N distribution in soil profile shallowed in DI, resulting in a reduced risk of N leaching compared to FI; and enhanced shoot growth and reduced root growth in DI is beneficial for more economic yield formation. Compared to furrow irrigation, drip irrigation is an irrigation method where N movement favors the prevention of N from being lost in the plant-soil system and benefits a more efficient use of N.
Key words:  arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi    Gurbantunggut Desert    ephemeral annual plants    ephemeral perennial plants    dynamics    phenology    mycorrhizal colonization    spore density
收稿日期:  2011-12-17      修回日期:  2012-04-26           出版日期:  2012-09-03      发布日期:  2012-06-01      期的出版日期:  2012-09-03
基金资助: 

Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201103003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31060276), and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA100508)

通讯作者:  ChangZhou WEI    E-mail:  changzhou.wei@gmail.com
引用本文:    
ChangZhou WEI, TengFei MA, XiaoJuan WANG, Juan WANG. The fate of fertilizer N applied to cotton in relation to irrigation methods and N dosage in arid area[J]. 干旱区科学, 2012, 4(3): 320-329.
ChangZhou WEI, TengFei MA, XiaoJuan WANG, Juan WANG. The fate of fertilizer N applied to cotton in relation to irrigation methods and N dosage in arid area. Journal of Arid Land, 2012, 4(3): 320-329.
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http://jal.xjegi.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1227.2012.00320  或          http://jal.xjegi.com/CN/Y2012/V4/I3/320
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