1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2 School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Impact of agricultural development on variation in surface runoff in arid regions: a case of the Aksu River Basin
1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2 School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
摘要 Located in the south of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, the Tarim River is the longest inland river in China. Agricultural development, excessive exploitation and low surface water use efficiency in the headstream regions have led to a marked decrease in the water supply to the mainstream. This, in turn, has resulted in the drying-up of the watercourse in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and serious deterioration of the eco-environment. The Aksu River Basin, the most important headstream of the Tarim River, was selected as the research area in this study. Taking elastic coefficient, water demand coefficient and water utilization intensity as the indices, we studied the impact of agricultural development on decreasing surface runoff since the 1950s. The re-sults indicated that (1) the increasing rate of consumption of surface runoff outstripped the rate of increase meas-ured in the natural catchment discharge, resulting in ever diminishing stream discharge into the Tarim River. Agri-cultural irrigation and seepage loss in irrigation canal systems were the major sources for runoff consumption, tak-ing 63.72% of the overall runoff consumption. What’s more, agricultural water consumption took up more than 97% of the water used for long-term production; (2) the expansion of cultivated land, change of planting structure and comparatively low agricultural irrigation efficiency all contributed to the decrease in surface runoff of the Aksu River. The elasticity coefficient of surface runoff reduction corresponding to the increase in planted area was 0.34 in the 1950s, while in the 2000s it had increased to 7.87. This reflected a more sensitive response of runoff decrease to cultivated land expansion. The increase in cotton and fruit production, without widely-used scientific irrigation methods and water-saving technology, led to considerable waste of the water resources. Meanwhile, the irrigation efficiency was still quite low, characterized by the waste of water resources, and the decrease of surface runoff; (3) in different stages, cultivated land area, planting structure and agricultural water use efficiency exerted different effects on runoff decrease. In the early stage, agricultural development showed no obvious effect on runoff de-crease. Since the 1960s, the expansion in cultivated land resulted in large consumption of surface runoff; since the 1990s, not only expansion in cultivated land expansion, but also planting structure exerted significant impact on the consumption of surface runoff. Recently, though agricultural water use efficiency has improved in some regions to reduce the consumption of runoff to a certain extent, overall agricultural water use efficiency is still quite low; (4) during the investigation period, water consumption by agricultural development reflected the unbalanced relation-ship between human activities and water resources.
Abstract: Located in the south of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, the Tarim River is the longest inland river in China. Agricultural development, excessive exploitation and low surface water use efficiency in the headstream regions have led to a marked decrease in the water supply to the mainstream. This, in turn, has resulted in the drying-up of the watercourse in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and serious deterioration of the eco-environment. The Aksu River Basin, the most important headstream of the Tarim River, was selected as the research area in this study. Taking elastic coefficient, water demand coefficient and water utilization intensity as the indices, we studied the impact of agricultural development on decreasing surface runoff since the 1950s. The re-sults indicated that (1) the increasing rate of consumption of surface runoff outstripped the rate of increase meas-ured in the natural catchment discharge, resulting in ever diminishing stream discharge into the Tarim River. Agri-cultural irrigation and seepage loss in irrigation canal systems were the major sources for runoff consumption, tak-ing 63.72% of the overall runoff consumption. What’s more, agricultural water consumption took up more than 97% of the water used for long-term production; (2) the expansion of cultivated land, change of planting structure and comparatively low agricultural irrigation efficiency all contributed to the decrease in surface runoff of the Aksu River. The elasticity coefficient of surface runoff reduction corresponding to the increase in planted area was 0.34 in the 1950s, while in the 2000s it had increased to 7.87. This reflected a more sensitive response of runoff decrease to cultivated land expansion. The increase in cotton and fruit production, without widely-used scientific irrigation methods and water-saving technology, led to considerable waste of the water resources. Meanwhile, the irrigation efficiency was still quite low, characterized by the waste of water resources, and the decrease of surface runoff; (3) in different stages, cultivated land area, planting structure and agricultural water use efficiency exerted different effects on runoff decrease. In the early stage, agricultural development showed no obvious effect on runoff de-crease. Since the 1960s, the expansion in cultivated land resulted in large consumption of surface runoff; since the 1990s, not only expansion in cultivated land expansion, but also planting structure exerted significant impact on the consumption of surface runoff. Recently, though agricultural water use efficiency has improved in some regions to reduce the consumption of runoff to a certain extent, overall agricultural water use efficiency is still quite low; (4) during the investigation period, water consumption by agricultural development reflected the unbalanced relation-ship between human activities and water resources.
The Doctor Western-funded Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XBBS 200803, XBBS 200810), West Plan Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sci-ences (KZCX2-XB3-01), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40801065).
通讯作者:
XinHuan ZHANG
E-mail: zhangxh@ms.xjb.ac.cn
引用本文:
XinHuan ZHANG, DeGang YANG1 XinYi XIANG, Xiang HUANG. Impact of agricultural development on variation in surface runoff in arid regions: a case of the Aksu River Basin[J]. 干旱区科学, 2012, 4(4): 399-410.
XinHuan ZHANG, DeGang YANG1 XinYi XIANG, Xiang HUANG. Impact of agricultural development on variation in surface runoff in arid regions: a case of the Aksu River Basin. Journal of Arid Land, 2012, 4(4): 399-410.
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