| Orginal Article |
|
|
|
|
| Suppression of weeds and weed seeds in the soil by stubbles and no-tillage in an arid maize-winter wheat-common vetch rotation on the Loess Plateau of China |
Mei YANG, Yuxin ZHAO, Huimin YANG*( ), Yuying SHEN, Xiaoyan ZHANG |
| State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China |
|
|
|
Abstract Reduced tillage provides ecological and economic benefits to arable land on the Loess Plateau of China, where soil erosion has long been a serious problem and soil water availability is largely restricted. However, high abundances of weeds in reduced tillage systems cause significant yield losses. In this study, we explored the effects of no-tillage and stubble retention on the number and density of weeds and weed seeds in a 12-year maize-winter wheat-common vetch rotation on the Loess Plateau. Four treatments including conventional tillage, no-tillage, conventional tillage+stubble retention and no-tillage+stubble retention were designed and applied. We found that no-tillage increased the number of weed species and weed density in most of the crops, while stubble retention decreased weed density in maize and tended to suppress weeds in both no-tillage treatments (no-tillage and no-tillage+stubble retention). No-tillage led to an increase in the number of weed species in the weed seedbank and tended to increase seed density during the spring growth of winter wheat, but it decreased seed density during post-vetch fallow. Stubble retention tended to reduce seed density during the spring growth of winter wheat and post-vetch fallow. We concluded that no-tillage can promote weeds in the experimental crop rotation, while stubble retention suppresses weeds in untilled fields. The combined effects of stubble retention and no-tillage on weed suppression varied among the three crops. Based on these results, we recommend stubble retention in untilled legume-crop rotations on the Loess Plateau to improve the control of weeds.
|
|
Received: 07 June 2017
Published: 10 October 2018
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
|
|
|
| [1] | Andrew I K S, Storkey J, Sparkes D L.2015. A review of the potential for competitive cereal cultivars as a tool in integrated weed management. Weed Research, 55(3): 239-248. | | [2] | Baziramakenga R, Leroux G D, Simard R R.1995. Effects of benzoic and cinnamic acids on membrane permeability of soybean roots. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 21(9): 1271-1285. | | [3] | Belz R G.2007. Allelopathy in crop/weed interactions-an update. Pest Management Science, 63(4): 308-326. | | [4] | Blackshaw R E, Molnar L J, Larney F J.2005. Fertilizer, manure and compost effects on weed growth and competition with winter wheat in western Canada. Crop Protection, 24(11): 971-980. | | [5] | Bohan D A, Boursault A, Brooks D R, et al.2011. National-scale regulation of the weed seedbank by carabid predators. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(4): 888-898. | | [6] | Cardina J, Herms C P, Doohan D J.2002. Crops rotation and tillage system effects on weed seedbanks. Weed Science, 50(4): 448-460. | | [7] | Carr P M, Gramig G G, Liebig M A.2013. Impacts of organic zero tillage systems on crops, weeds, and soil quality. Sustainability, 5(7): 3172-3201. | | [8] | Chen H, Hou R, Gong Y, et al.2009. Effects of 11 years of conservation tillage on soil organic matter fractions in wheat monoculture in Loess Plateau of China. Soil and Tillage Research, 106(1): 85-94. | | [9] | Chen W, Shen Y Y, Robertson M J, et al.2008. Simulation analysis of lucerne-wheat crop rotation on the Loess Plateau of Northern China. Field Crops Research, 108(2): 179-187. | | [10] | Costanzo A, Bàrberi P.2016. Field scale functional agrobiodiversity in organic wheat: Effects on weed reduction, disease susceptibility and yield. European Journal of Agronomy, 76: 1-16. | | [11] | Duke S O.2010. Allelopathy: current status of research and future of the discipline: a commentary. Allelopathy Journal, 25(1): 17-30. | | [12] | Feldman S R, Torres C A P S, Lewis P.2010. The effect of different tillage systems on the composition of the seedbank. Weed Research, 37(2): 71-76. | | [13] | Gallandt E R, Molloy T, Lynch R P, et al.2005. Effect of cover-cropping systems on invertebrate seed predation. Weed Science, 53(1): 69-76. | | [14] | Hamill A S, Holt J S, Mallory-Smith C A.2004. Contributions of weed science to weed control and management. Weed Technology, 18(sp1): 1563-1565. | | [15] | Hobbs P R, Sayre K, Gupta R.2008. The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 363(1492): 543-555. | | [16] | Hyv?nen T, Salonen J.2002. Weed species diversity and community composition in cropping practices at two intensity levels-a six-year experiment. Plant Ecology, 159(1): 73-81. | | [17] | Kegode G O, Forcella F, Clay S.1999. Influence of crop rotation, tillage, and management inputs on weed seed production. Weed Science, 47(2): 175-183. | | [18] | Kulkarni S S, Dosdall L M, Willenborg C J.2015. The role of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in weed seed consumption: A review. Weed Science, 63(2): 335-376. | | [19] | Lafond G, McConkey B G, Stumborg M.2009. Conservation tillage models for small-scale farming: Linking the Canadian experience to the small farms of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China. Soil and Tillage Research, 104(1): 150-155. | | [20] | Légère A, Stevenson F C, Benoit D L.2005. Diversity and assembly of weed communities: Contrasting responses across cropping systems. Weed Research, 45(4): 303-315. | | [21] | Lemerle D, Gill G S, Murphy C E, et al.2001. Genetic improvement and agronomy for enhanced wheat competitiveness with weeds. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 52(5): 527-548. | | [22] | Li F, Gao C, Zhao H, et al.2002. Soil conservation effectiveness and energy efficiency of alternative rotations and continuous wheat cropping in the Loess Plateau of northwest China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 91(1-3): 101-111. | | [23] | Liebman M, Dyck E.1993. Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed management. Ecological Applications, 3(1): 92-122. | | [24] | Liu X, Hao M, Fan J.2000. Effects of long-term rotation and fertilization on N-supply by soil in dryland area on loess plateau. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 18(3): 1-7. (in Chinese) | | [25] | Melander B, Rasmussen I A, Barberi P.2005. Integrating physical and cultural methods of weed control-examples from European research. Weed Science, 53(3): 369-381. | | [26] | Moore M J, Gillespie T J, Swanton C J.1994. Effect of cover crop mulches on weed emergence, weed biomass, and soybean (Glycine max) development. Weed Technology, 8(3): 512-518. | | [27] | Murphy S D, Clements D R, Belaoussoff S, et al.2006. Promotion of weed species diversity and reduction of weed seedbanks with conservation tillage and crop rotation. Weed Science, 54(1): 69-77. | | [28] | Nord E A, Curran W S, Mortensen D A, et al.2011. Integrating multiple tactics for managing weeds in high residue no-till soybean. Agronomy Journal, 103(5): 1542-1551. | | [29] | Owen M D K, Beckie H J, Leeson J Y, et al.2015. Integrated pest management and weed management in the United States and Canada. Pest Management Science, 71(3): 357-376. | | [30] | Paul B K, Vanlauwe B, Ayuke F, et al.2013. Medium-term impact of tillage and residue management on soil aggregate stability, soil carbon and crop productivity. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 164: 14-22. | | [31] | Reberg-Horton S C, Grossman J M, Kornecki T S, et al.2012. Utilizing cover crop mulches to reduce tillage in organic systems in the southeastern USA. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 27(1): 41-48. | | [32] | Ren J Z.2002. Establishment of an agro-grassland system for grain storage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 11(1): 1-3. (in Chinese) | | [33] | Ryan J, Singh M, Pala M.2008. Long-term cereal-based rotation trials in the Mediterranean region: Implications for cropping sustainability. Advances in Agronomy, 97: 273-319. | | [34] | Shen Y, Li L, Chen W, et al.2009. Soil water, soil nitrogen and productivity of lucerne-wheat sequences on deep silt loams in a summer dominant rainfall environment. Field Crops Research, 111(1-2): 97-108. | | [35] | Smith R G, Mortensen D A, Ryan M R.2010. A new hypothesis for the functional role of diversity in mediating resource pools and weed-crop competition in agroecosystems. Weed Research, 50(1): 37-48. | | [36] | Soil Survey Staff.1999. Soil taxonomy: a basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys (2nd ed.). Agriculture Handbook No. 436. US Department of Agriculture, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. | | [37] | Sommer R, Piggin C, Feindel D, et al.2014. Effects of zero tillage and residue retention on soil quality in the Mediterranean region of northern Syria. Open Journal of Soil Science, 4(3): 109-125. | | [38] | Teasdale J R, Mangum R W, Radhakrishnan J, et al.2004. Weed seedbank dynamics in three organic farming crop rotations. Agronomy Journal, 96(5): 1429-1435. | | [39] | Tominaga T, Yamasue Y.2004. Crop-Associated Weeds. Netherlands: Springer, 47-63. | | [40] | Vander Wall S B.1998. Foraging success of granivorous rodents: Effects of variation in seed and soil water on olfaction. Ecology, 79(1): 233-241. | | [41] | Wang J, Li F, Jia Y.2006. Responses of soil water, nitrogen, and organic matter to the alfalfa crop rotation in semiarid loess area of China. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 28(1): 117-130. | | [42] | Worthington M, Reberg-Horton C.2013. Breeding cereal crops for enhanced weed suppression: Optimizing allelopathy and competitive ability. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 39(2): 213-231. | | [43] | Yang H, He S, Shen Y, et al.2011. Soil nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus after lucerne conversion to wheat or fallow in the Loess Plateau of China. Philippine Journal of Crop Science, 36(3): 28-33. | | [44] | Yang Q, Wang X, Shen Y, et al.2013. Functional diversity of soil microbial communities in response to tillage and crop residue retention in an eroded Loess soil. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 59(3): 311-321. | | [45] | Zhao R, Feng B, Jiang S, et al.2011. Effects of conservation tillage on soil aggregate in dry land of Loess Plateau. Journal of China Agricultural University, 16(4): 74-79. (in Chinese) | | [46] | Zhao Y, Lu J, Yang H.2015. Effect of conservation tillage on weeds in a rotation system on the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 26(4): 1223-1230. (in Chinese) |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
