Neoproterozoic I-type granites in the Central Tianshan Block (NW China): geochronology, geochemistry, and tectonic implications

doi:10.1007/s40333-021-0071-8

Journal of Arid Land

2022, Vol. 14

Issue (1): 82-101 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-021-0071-8 CSTR: 32276.14.s40333-021-0071-8

Geography, geology and natural resources in Central Asia (Guest Editorial Board Member: Prof. Dr. XIAO Wenjiao)

Neoproterozoic I-type granites in the Central Tianshan Block (NW China): geochronology, geochemistry, and tectonic implications

SONG Yujia¹, LIU Xijun¹^,²^,³^,^*(

), XIAO Wenjiao², ZHANG Zhiguo¹, LIU Pengde¹, XIAO Yao¹, LI Rui¹, WANG Baohua¹, LIU Lei¹^,³, HU Rongguo¹

¹Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits Exploration, College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
²Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
³Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resource, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China

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Abstract

The Central Tianshan Block is one of numerous microcontinental blocks within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) that overlies Precambrian basement rocks. Constraining the evolution of these ancient basement rocks is central to understanding the accretionary and collisional tectonics of the CAOB, and their place within the Rodinia supercontinent. However, to date, the timing and tectonic settings in which the basement rocks in the Central Tianshan Block formed are poorly constrained, with only sparse geochemical and geochronological data from granitic rocks within the northern segment of the block. Here, we present a systematic study combining U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of newly-identified granitic gneisses from the Bingdaban area of Central Tianshan Block. The analyzed samples yield a weighted mean Neoproterozoic ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 975-911 Ma. These weakly-peraluminous granitic rocks show a common geochemical I-type granite affinity. The granitic gneisses are calc-alkaline and enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), but they are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs); these characteristics are similar to those of typical subduction-related magmatism. All samples show initial (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₍_t₎ ratios between 0.705136 and 0.706745. Values for Ɛ_Nd(_t₎ in the granitic gneisses are in the range from -5.7 to -1.2, which correspond to Nd model ages of 2.0-1.7 Ga, indicating a role for Mesoproterozoic to Paleoproterozoic rocks in the generation of the granitic protoliths. The documented geochemical features indicate that the protoliths for the gneisses have a similar petrogenesis and magmatic source, which may reflect partial melting of thickened crust with the addition of small amounts of mantle-derived material. The Central Tianshan Block probably constitute part of an exterior orogen that developed along the margin of the Rodinian supercontinent during the Early Neoproterozoic and underwent a transition from subduction to syn-collision compression at 975-911 Ma.

Key words： Neoproterozoic I-type granites geochronology Central Tianshan Block Rodinian supercontinent Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB)

Received: 31 October 2020 Published: 31 January 2022

Corresponding Authors: * LIU Xijun (E-mail: xijunliu@glut.edu.cn)

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	SONG Yujia
	LIU Xijun
	XIAO Wenjiao
	ZHANG Zhiguo
	LIU Pengde
	XIAO Yao
	LI Rui
	WANG Baohua
	LIU Lei
	HU Rongguo

Cite this article:

SONG Yujia, LIU Xijun, XIAO Wenjiao, ZHANG Zhiguo, LIU Pengde, XIAO Yao, LI Rui, WANG Baohua, LIU Lei, HU Rongguo. Neoproterozoic I-type granites in the Central Tianshan Block (NW China): geochronology, geochemistry, and tectonic implications. Journal of Arid Land, 2022, 14(1): 82-101.

URL:

http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-021-0071-8 OR http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2022/V14/I1/82

Fig. 1 Geological map of the Central Tianshan Block and adjacent regions (a), and tectonic map of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (b) as well as sample locations (c). CTB, Central Tianshan Block; KYB, Kazakhstan-Yili Block; NTB, North Tianshan Belt; STB, South Tianshan Belt (modified after Gao et al. (2015) and Liu et al. (2020)).

Fig. 2 Simplified geologic map of the Bingdaban area, Central Tianshan Block (modified after Yang et al. (2008) and Liu et al. (2020))

Fig. 3 Field and petrographic photographs of the studied Neoproterozoic granitic gneisses in the Bingdaban area. (a), field photograph; (b), hand specimens; (c)-(d), photomicrographs. Qtz, Quartz; Pl, Plagioclase; Bt, Biotite.

Sample spot	Th (10^-6)	U (10^-6)	Th/ U	Isotopic ratio							Age (Ma)
Sample spot	Th (10^-6)	U (10^-6)	Th/ U	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb		±1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	±1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	±1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	±1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	±1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	±1σ
Sample BD-01-18
01	833	5167	0.16	0.0708	0.0009		1.6045	0.0262	0.1637	0.0015	954	25	972	10	977	9
02	1051	7802	0.13	0.0698	0.0009		1.5692	0.0268	0.1627	0.0017	924	27	958	11	972	9
03	351	6771	0.05	0.0712	0.0011		1.6006	0.0290	0.1628	0.0016	963	31	970	11	972	9
04	1007	3442	0.29	0.0667	0.0015		1.4980	0.0352	0.1618	0.0018	828	46	930	14	967	10
05	153	624	0.25	0.0675	0.0018		1.5425	0.0434	0.1658	0.0021	854	56	948	17	989	11
06	497	2238	0.22	0.0695	0.0014		1.5588	0.0382	0.1615	0.0019	915	47	954	15	965	11
07	987	10,876	0.09	0.0717	0.0014		1.6177	0.0382	0.1630	0.0023	989	39	977	15	974	12
08	1032	5441	0.19	0.0747	0.0017		1.7052	0.0421	0.1652	0.0017	1061	46	1010	16	986	10
09	2281	7064	0.32	0.0731	0.0013		1.6637	0.0384	0.1645	0.0024	1017	32	995	15	982	13
10	636	1622	0.39	0.0723	0.0017		1.6264	0.0388	0.1629	0.0018	994	47	980	15	973	10
Sample BD-06-18
01	330	9571	0.03	0.0738		0.0025	1.5996	0.0448	0.1585	0.0028	1037	67	970	18	948	16
02	739	13,358	0.06	0.0686		0.0013	1.5346	0.0331	0.1612	0.0019	887	40	944	13	963	10
03	601	3840	0.16	0.0676		0.0018	1.4961	0.0422	0.1591	0.0020	855	55	929	17	952	11
04	1985	9660	0.21	0.0686		0.0016	1.5409	0.0373	0.1620	0.0019	887	47	947	15	968	11
05	613	3185	0.19	0.0714		0.0016	1.5762	0.0409	0.1591	0.0022	969	47	961	16	952	12
06	958	6379	0.15	0.0695		0.0016	1.5319	0.0390	0.1589	0.0021	915	48	943	16	951	12
07	1050	3678	0.29	0.0678		0.0015	1.4934	0.0354	0.1589	0.0018	861	44	928	14	951	10
08	605	3224	0.19	0.0671		0.0014	1.4759	0.0348	0.1586	0.0018	843	44	921	14	949	10
09	324	6249	0.05	0.0690		0.0016	1.5170	0.0458	0.1592	0.0036	898	48	937	18	952	20
10	510	8641	0.06	0.0709		0.0015	1.5589	0.0359	0.1588	0.0016	954	44	954	14	950	9
11	1075	6424	0.17	0.0702		0.0017	1.5807	0.0406	0.1626	0.0020	1000	48	963	16	971	11
12	536	3584	0.15	0.0660		0.0018	1.4514	0.0411	0.1589	0.0021	807	56	910	17	951	12
13	279	1944	0.14	0.0674		0.0032	1.4266	0.0618	0.1551	0.0025	850	98	900	26	929	14
14	855	6150	0.14	0.0669		0.0016	1.4688	0.0364	0.1589	0.0019	835	49	918	15	951	11
15	560	16,520	0.03	0.0665		0.0014	1.4306	0.0372	0.1553	0.0027	833	39	902	16	931	15
16	506	7731	0.07	0.0658		0.0014	1.4460	0.0346	0.1590	0.0023	798	44	908	14	951	13
17	2874	7997	0.36	0.0660		0.0014	1.4514	0.0356	0.1590	0.0024	806	44	910	15	951	13
18	362	5416	0.07	0.0630		0.0014	1.3894	0.0401	0.1588	0.0030	709	46	884	17	950	17
19	409	5139	0.08	0.0707		0.0015	1.5532	0.0363	0.1588	0.0020	950	44	952	14	950	11
20	678	4453	0.15	0.0674		0.0017	1.5004	0.0388	0.1611	0.0021	852	52	931	16	963	12
21	650	2156	0.30	0.0677		0.0021	1.4826	0.0462	0.1587	0.0021	861	65	923	19	950	11
22	607	1743	0.35	0.0672		0.0022	1.4931	0.0502	0.1612	0.0023	856	67	928	20	964	13
23	950	6663	0.14	0.0671		0.0014	1.4762	0.0356	0.1590	0.0023	843	43	921	15	951	13
24	763	7414	0.10	0.0667		0.0013	1.4362	0.0319	0.1559	0.0019	828	45	904	13	934	11
25	451	4732	0.10	0.0661		0.0012	1.4480	0.0306	0.1588	0.0019	809	44	909	13	950	11
26	2977	9476	0.31	0.0675		0.0012	1.4795	0.0304	0.1587	0.0018	854	42	922	12	949	10
27	709	2595	0.27	0.0686		0.0016	1.4998	0.0389	0.1587	0.0020	887	82	930	16	950	11
28	377	16,764	0.02	0.0686		0.0012	1.5018	0.0325	0.1588	0.0020	887	37	931	13	950	11
29	1719	10,931	0.16	0.0686		0.0014	1.5505	0.0357	0.1630	0.0018	887	43	951	14	974	10
30	359	9742	0.04	0.0689		0.0014	1.5157	0.0374	0.1588	0.0024	894	44	937	15	950	13
31	694	3330	0.21	0.0687		0.0016	1.5585	0.0426	0.1630	0.0023	900	48	954	17	973	13
32	1694	6807	0.25	0.0693		0.0017	1.5252	0.0399	0.1588	0.0019	907	56	941	16	950	11
33	2182	7524	0.29	0.0690		0.0017	1.5258	0.0416	0.1589	0.0021	898	50	941	17	951	12
Sample spot	Th (10^-6)	U (10^-6)	Th/ U	Isotopic ratio							Age (Ma)
Sample spot	Th (10^-6)	U (10^-6)	Th/ U	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb		±1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	±1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	±1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	±1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	±1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	±1σ
Sample BD-46-18
01	1012	3661	0.28	0.0702		0.0017	1.4782	0.0451	0.1519	0.0027	1000	51	921	18	911	15
02	397	3350	0.12	0.0741		0.0023	1.5592	0.0535	0.1515	0.0026	1044	58	954	21	910	15
03	1435	6293	0.23	0.0711		0.0017	1.4983	0.0404	0.1515	0.0020	961	50	930	16	909	11
04	488	2787	0.18	0.0700		0.0019	1.4765	0.0425	0.1516	0.0020	929	56	921	17	910	11
05	577	3918	0.15	0.0662		0.0017	1.4019	0.0402	0.1516	0.0024	813	50	890	17	910	14
06	411	3481	0.12	0.0688		0.0018	1.4625	0.0424	0.1518	0.0024	892	54	915	17	911	14
07	469	3019	0.16	0.0690		0.0012	1.4507	0.0296	0.1519	0.0015	900	38	910	12	911	9
08	403	4058	0.10	0.0690		0.0012	1.4496	0.0289	0.1518	0.0015	900	69	910	12	911	9
09	315	3412	0.09	0.0726		0.0018	1.5150	0.0374	0.1516	0.0020	1003	50	936	15	910	11
10	609	5710	0.11	0.0700		0.0016	1.4673	0.0490	0.1516	0.0040	928	47	917	20	910	22
11	457	3872	0.12	0.0702		0.0011	1.4746	0.0280	0.1517	0.0014	1000	33	920	11	910	8
12	1312	2902	0.45	0.0690		0.0018	1.4458	0.0327	0.1531	0.0019	898	53	908	14	918	11
13	362	2747	0.13	0.0678		0.0013	1.4264	0.0325	0.1519	0.0018	861	41	900	14	912	10
14	737	2481	0.30	0.0681		0.0014	1.4290	0.0303	0.1517	0.0016	872	45	901	13	911	9
15	252	1892	0.13	0.0699		0.0015	1.4681	0.0357	0.1515	0.0015	928	46	917	15	910	9
16	641	2534	0.25	0.0683		0.0012	1.4326	0.0297	0.1516	0.0017	880	37	903	12	910	9
17	739	4140	0.18	0.0696		0.0014	1.4575	0.0328	0.1515	0.0019	917	45	913	14	909	10
18	2718	5361	0.51	0.0716		0.0016	1.5030	0.0387	0.1517	0.0020	973	46	932	16	911	11
19	1084	5033	0.22	0.0695		0.0013	1.4598	0.0316	0.1517	0.0015	917	39	914	13	910	9
20	796	5149	0.15	0.0705		0.0015	1.4765	0.0340	0.1516	0.0016	943	43	921	14	910	9
21	617	2884	0.21	0.0719		0.0017	1.5041	0.0392	0.1518	0.0019	983	49	932	16	911	11
22	311	2349	0.13	0.0703		0.0015	1.4729	0.0364	0.1517	0.0019	1000	44	919	15	910	10
23	565	3314	0.17	0.0705		0.0013	1.4980	0.0331	0.1540	0.0019	943	44	930	13	923	10
24	540	3194	0.17	0.0707		0.0014	1.4812	0.0355	0.1516	0.0021	948	40	923	15	910	12
25	752	2950	0.26	0.0706		0.0019	1.4767	0.0431	0.1516	0.0022	946	56	921	18	910	12
26	433	2502	0.17	0.0706		0.0015	1.4826	0.0330	0.1526	0.0018	946	43	923	13	915	10
27	368	3469	0.11	0.0685		0.0012	1.4412	0.0307	0.1524	0.0018	883	32	906	13	914	10
28	226	3699	0.06	0.0746		0.0021	1.5603	0.0447	0.1517	0.0018	1057	58	955	18	910	10
29	652	3893	0.17	0.0729		0.0020	1.5259	0.0444	0.1513	0.0021	1013	49	941	18	908	12
30	1351	3107	0.43	0.0734		0.0022	1.5441	0.0497	0.1517	0.0019	1026	61	948	20	911	11
31	419	3153	0.13	0.0714		0.0023	1.4935	0.0499	0.1518	0.0023	970	67	928	20	911	13
32	218	2382	0.09	0.0719		0.0025	1.5051	0.0531	0.1521	0.0024	983	71	932	22	913	14

Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic analysis of the granitic gneisses from the Bingdaban area in the Central Tianshan Block

Table 2 Major and trace element compositions of the granitic gneisses from the Bingdaban area in the Central Tianshan Block

Table 3 Sr-Nd isotopic analysis results of the granitic gneisses from the Bingdaban area in the Central Tianshan Block

Fig. 4 Concordia diagrams showing zircon U-Pb isotopic analyses (a, c, and e) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns (b, d, and f) from the Bingdaban granitic gneisses in the Central Tianshan Block. REE, rare earth element; MSWD, mean square of weighted deviate.

Fig. 5 Total-alkali versus silica diagram (Middlemost, 1994) (a), A/NK versus A/CNK diagram (b) (Maniar and Piccoli, 1989), P₂O₅ versus SiO₂ diagram (c) (Chappell and White, 1992), and SiO₂ versus K₂O diagram (d) (Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976)

Fig. 6 Chondrite-normalized REE (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams (b) for the studied granitic gneisses. Normalizing values for chondrite and primitive mantle are from Taylor and McLennan (1985) and Sun and McDonough (1989), respectively (reference data from Gao et al. (2015)). N-MORB, normal mid-ocean ridge basalt; E-MORB, enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt; OIB, ocean island basalt. Grey shaded area represents data source from Gao et al. (2015).

Fig. 7 Plots of Ɛ_Nd(_t₎ versus age for zircons from the studied granitic gneisses in the Central Tianshan Block. The granitoid or continental ''slope'' is defined with the parameter f_Sm/Nd=0.4 (indicating the average continental or granitoid isotopic evolution). The Tianshan dashed field represents the isotopic region of Tianshan basement rocks (reference data from the basement rocks in the northern Xinjiang; after Hu et al. (2000)). The isotope fields for the four terranes are distinguished by different colored lines. CHUR, chondritic uniform reservoir.

Fig. 8 Major and trace element tectonic discrimination diagrams for the studied granitic gneisses. (a), R₁ versus R₂diagram of Batchelor and Bowden (1985); (b), Nb versus Y diagram (Pearce et al., 1984). WPG, within plate granitoid; VAG, volcanic arc granitoid; Syn-COLG, syn-collision granitoid; ORG, ocean ridge granitoid. R₁=1000×(4×SiO₂/60.09-11×(Na₂O×2/61.98+K₂O×2/94.2)-2×(Fe₂O₃^T×2/159.69+TiO₂/79.9)) (Batchelor and Bowden, 1985); R₂=1000×(6×CaO/56.08+2×MgO/40.3+Al₂O₃×2/101.96) (Batchelor and Bowden, 1985).


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