Please wait a minute...
Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2020, Vol. 12 Issue (6): 1056-1070    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-020-0026-5     CSTR: 32276.14.s40333-020-0026-5
Research article     
Effects of different loading rates and types of biochar on passivations of Cu and Zn via swine manure composting
CHEN Yan1, XU Yongping1,2, QU Fangjing1, HOU Fuqin3, CHEN Hongli4, LI Xiaoyu1,2,3,*()
1School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Dalian 116620, China
3Xinjiang Western Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shihezi 832000, China
4Xinjiang Tianshan Military Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shihezi 832000, China
Download: HTML     PDF(694KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      

Abstract  

Pollution of arable land caused by heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure has become a potential threaten to human health in China. Safe disposal of the contained toxic pollution with animal manure by co-composting with biochar is one of the alternative methods. Biochars from different sources (wheat straw, peanut shells and rice husks) amended with different loading rates were investigated for passivations of copper and zinc (Cu and Zn) in swine manure composting. Results showed that the passivation effects of the three types of biochar on Cu and Zn were enhanced with increasing biochar dose. Contents of Cu and Zn measured by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and Community Bureau of Reference (CBR) showed that wheat straw biochar with the loading rates of 10%-13% (w/w) was superior to the other two types of biochar in this study. Compared with the control, sample from wheat straw biochar was more favorable for the bacterial growth of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In addition, pot experiment showed that organic fertilizer amended with wheat straw biochar could significantly improve the growth of Chinese pakchoi and enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase) as compared with the control. Cu and Zn contents of Chinese pakchoi in the organic fertilizer group containing wheat straw biochar reduced by 73.2% and 45.2%, 65.8% and 33.6%, respectively, compared with the group without loading biochar. There was no significant difference in the contents of vitamin C and reducing sugar between the groups of organic fertilizer amended with/without wheat straw biochar, however, there was significant difference compared with the heavy metal addition group. The application of organic fertilizer formed by adding biochar can effectively reduce the adverse effects of heavy metals on crops.

Key words： biochar      composting material      heavy metal passivation      dosage      swine manure     
Received: 19 May 2020      Published: 10 November 2020
Corresponding Authors:
About author: *LI Xiaoyu (E-mail: lxy9527@hotmail.com)
Service
E-mail this article
Add to my bookshelf
Add to citation manager
E-mail Alert
RSS
Articles by authors
Yan CHEN
Yongping XU
Fangjing QU
Fuqin HOU
Hongli CHEN
Xiaoyu LI
Cite this article:

CHEN Yan, XU Yongping, QU Fangjing, HOU Fuqin, CHEN Hongli, LI Xiaoyu. Effects of different loading rates and types of biochar on passivations of Cu and Zn via swine manure composting. Journal of Arid Land, 2020, 12(6): 1056-1070.

URL:

http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-020-0026-5     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2020/V12/I6/1056

Material Moisture (%) pH OM (%) C/N Cu (mg/kg) Zn (mg/kg)
SM 75.34±0.61 7.63±0.45 16.70±0.32 14.42±0.15 654.20±0.27 821.40±0.52
CS 7.02±0.53 7.81±0.23 65.20±0.47 51.74±0.51 6.50±0.17 63.30±0.28
Table 1 Characteristics of composting materials
Treatment Percentage of biochar in composting (%)
SM+CS+RH 0 2 5 7 10 13
SM+CS+WS 0 2 5 7 10 13
SM+CS+PS 0 2 5 7 10 13
Table 2 Scheme of composting experiment
Fig. 1 Changes of temperature and moisture during composting process. RH, rice husk; WS, wheat straw; PS, peanut shell. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 represents biochar loading rates of 0%, 2%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 13%, respectively. Bars are standard errors.
Fig. 2 Germination indices under different types and loading rates of biochar. WS, wheat straw; RH, rice husk; PS, peanut shell. Different lowercase letters indicate significances under different types of biochar with the same loading rate at P<0.05 level.
Fig. 3 Percentages of Cu (DTPA-Cu, a) and Zn (DTPA-Zn, b) extracted by DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) in different loading rates of biochar. PS, peanut shell; RH, rice husk; WS, wheat straw. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different loading rates of biochar at P<0.05 level. Bars are standard errors.
Fig. 4 Proportions of exchangeable, oxidized, reduced and residual forms of Zn and Cu in WS (a and b), PS (c and d), and RH (e and f) treatments by Community Bureau of Reference stepwise extraction method. WS, PS, and RH represent biochars of wheat straw, peanut shell and rice husk, respectively. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 represents biochar loading rates of 0%, 2%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 13%, respectively.
Fig. 5 Bacterial community structure at the phylum (a) and family (b) levels in three experimental groups. The data contained top 10 of the total reads. Group C, sampled at the initial of composting; Group N, sampled at the end of composting without biochar; Group W, sampled at the end of composting with WS biochar.
Fig. 6 Relative aboundace of bacterial community illustrated by ternary diagram. Group C, sampled at the initial of composting; Group N, sampled at the end of composting without biochar; Group W, sampled at the end of composting with WS biochar.
Fig. 7 Growth indices and heavy metal contents of Chinese pakchoi. (a), plant height; (b), root length; (d), fresh weight; (d), dry weight; (e), Cu content; (f), Zn content. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level. CK, control; HM, heavy metal; CF, chemical fertilizer; OF, organic fertilizer; WOF, wheat straw biochar and organic fertilizer. Bars are standard errors.
Fig. 8 Enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, a), peroxidase (POD, b), polyphenol oxidase (PPO, c), and catalase (CAT, d) under different treatments. CK, control; HM, heavy metal; CF, chemical fertilizer; OF, organic fertilizer; WOF, wheat straw biochar and organic fertilizer. Different lowercase letters indicate significances among different treatments at P<0.05 level. Bars are standard errors.
[1]   Agegnehu G, Srivastava A, Bird M I. 2017. The role of biochar and biochar-compost in improving soil quality and crop performance: A review. Applied Soil Ecology, 119:156-170.
[2]   Awasthi S K, Liu T, Awasthi M K, et al. 2020. Evaluation of biochar amendment on heavy metal resistant bacteria abundance in biosolids compost. Bioresource Technology, 306:123114.
pmid: 32163868
[3]   Chen Y, Li X Y, Li S Y, et al. 2020a. Novel-integrated process for production of bio-organic fertilizer via swine manure composting. Environmental Engineering Research, 26(2):190522.
doi: 10.4491/eer.2019.522
[4]   Chen Y, Li X Y, Li S Y, et al. 2020b. Effect of C/N ration on disposal of pig carcass by co-composting with swine manure: experiment at laboratory scale. Environmental Technology, doi: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1760358.
doi: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1866083 pmid: 33334260
[5]   Chen Y N, Liu Y, Li Y P, et al. 2017. Influence of biochar on heavy metals and microbial community during composting of river sediment with agricultural wastes. Bioresource Technology, 243:347-355.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.100 pmid: 28683388
[6]   Cheng D M, Feng Y, Liu Y, et al. 2019. Dynamics of oxytetracycline, sulfamerazine, and ciprofloxacin and related antibiotic resistance genes during swine manure composting. Journal of Environmental Management, 230:102-109.
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.074 pmid: 30278273
[7]   Chikae M, Ikeda R, Kerman K, et al. 2006. Estimation of maturity of compost from food wastes and agro-residues by multiple regression analysis. Bioresource Technology, 97(16):1979-1985.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.09.026 pmid: 16289625
[8]   Feng S, Zhang P, Duan W, et al. 2020. P-nitrophenol degradation by pine-wood derived biochar: The role of redox-active moieties and pore structures. Science of the Total Environment, 741:140431.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140431
[9]   García C, Hernández T, Costa F. 1991. Study on water extract of sewage sludge composts. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 37(3):399-408.
doi: 10.1080/00380768.1991.10415052
[10]   Guo X X, Liu H T, Zhang J. 2020. The role of biochar in organic waste composting and soil improvement: A review. Waste Management, 102:884-899.
doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.003 pmid: 31837554
[11]   Han H, Cai H, Wang X, et al. 2020. Heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria increase the biomass and reduce the Cd and Pb uptake by pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) in heavy metal-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 195:110375.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110375 pmid: 32200142
[12]   Hao J K, Wei Z, Wei D, et al. 2019. Roles of adding biochar and montmorillonite alone on reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals during chicken manure composting. Bioresource Technology, 294:122199.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122199 pmid: 31586731
[13]   Hu W T, Zheng G, Fang D, et al. 2015. Bioleached sludge composting drastically reducing ammonia volatilization as well as decreasing bulking agent dosage and improving compost quality: A case study. Waste Management, 44:55-62.
doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.023 pmid: 26216504
[14]   Huang D L, Liu L S, Zeng G M, et al. 2017. The effects of rice straw biochar on indigenous microbial community and enzymes activity in heavy metal-contaminated sediment. Chemosphere, 174:545-553.
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.130 pmid: 28193587
[15]   Ihnat M, Fernandes L. 1996. Trace elemental characterization of composted poultry manure. Bioresource Technology, 57(2):143-156.
doi: 10.1016/0960-8524(96)00061-2
[16]   Iqbal H, Garcia-Perez M, Flury M. 2015. Effect of biochar on leaching of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus from compost in bioretention systems. Science of the Total Environment, 521-522:37-45.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.060
[17]   Jing F, Chen C, Chen X M, et al. 2020. Effects of wheat straw derived biochar on cadmium availability in a paddy soil and its accumulation in rice. Environmental Pollution, 257:113592.
doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113592 pmid: 31761591
[18]   Keshavarzifard M, Moore F, Sharifi R. 2019. The influence of physicochemical parameters on bioavailability and bioaccessibility of heavy metals in sediments of the intertidal zone of Asaluyeh region, Persian Gulf, Iran. Geochemistry, 79(1):178-187.
doi: 10.1016/j.geoch.2018.12.007
[19]   Khan K Y, Ali B, Cui X, et al. 2017. Impact of different feedstocks derived biochar amendment with cadmium low uptake affinity cultivar of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssb. chinensis L.) on phytoavoidation of Cd to reduce potential dietary toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 141:129-138.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.020 pmid: 28324819
[20]   Kumar S, Prasad S, Yadav K K, et al. 2019. Hazardous heavy metals contamination of vegetables and food chain: Role of sustainable remediation approaches-A review. Environmental Research, 179:108792.
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108792 pmid: 31610391
[21]   Leng L J, Xu S Y, Liu R F, et al. 2020. Nitrogen containing functional groups of biochar: An overview. Bioresource Technology, 298:122286.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122286 pmid: 31690478
[22]   Li J, Xu Y, Wang L Q, et al. 2019. Heavy metal occurrence and risk assessment in dairy feeds and manures from the typical intensive dairy farms in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26:6348-5358.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04125-1 pmid: 30617882
[23]   Lucchini P, Quilliam R S, DeLuca T H, et al. 2014. Does biochar application alter heavy metal dynamics in agricultural soil? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 184:149-157.
[24]   Md Khudzari J, Tartakovsky B, Raghavan G S V. 2016. Effect of C/N ratio and salinity on power generation in compost microbial fuel cells. Waste Management, 48:135-142.
doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.022 pmid: 26611399
[25]   Montiel-Rozas M, Madejón E, Madejón P. 2016. Effect of heavy metals and organic matter on root exudates (low molecular weight organic acids) of herbaceous species: An assessment in sand and soil conditions under different levels of contamination. Environmental Pollution, 216:273-281.
doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.080 pmid: 27267743
[26]   Nelson D W, Sommers L E. 1980. Total nitrogen analysis of soil and plant tissues. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 63(4):770-778.
[27]   Nie C R, Yang X, Niazi N K, et al. 2018. Impact of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar on heavy metal availability and microbial activity: a field study. Chemosphere, 200:274-282.
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.134 pmid: 29494908
[28]   Palansooriya K N, Wong J T, Hashimoto Y, et al. 2019. Response of microbial communities to biochar-amended soils: a critical review. Biochar, 1:3-22.
doi: 10.1007/s42773-019-00009-2
[29]   Pérez-Cid B, Lavilla I, Bendicho C. 1999. Application of microwave extraction for partitioning of heavy metals in sewage sludge. Analytica Chimica Acta, 378(1-3):201-210.
doi: 10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00634-5
[30]   Plácido J, Bustamante-López S, Meissner K E, et al. 2019. Comparative study of the characteristics and fluorescent properties of three different biochar derived-carbonaceous nanomaterials for bioimaging and heavy metal ions sensing. Fuel Processing Technology, 196:106163.
[31]   Rayo-Mendez L M, Gómez A V, Tadini C C. 2019. Extraction of soluble sugars from banana puree to obtain a matrix rich in non-starch polysaccharides. Food Chemistry, 294:539-546.
doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.079 pmid: 31126497
[32]   Sánchez-García M, Alburquerque J A, Sánchez-Monedero M A, et al. 2015. Biochar accelerates organic matter degradation and enhances N mineralisation during composting of poultry manure without a relevant impact on gas emissions. Bioresource Technology, 192:272-279.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.003 pmid: 26038333
[33]   Schmidt H-P, Kammann C, Niggli C, et al. 2014. Biochar and biochar-compost as soil amendments to a vineyard soil: Influences on plant growth, nutrient uptake, plant health and grape quality. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 191:117-123.
[34]   Shan R, Shi Y Y, Gu J, et al. 2020. Single and competitive adsorption affinity of heavy metals toward peanut shell-derived biochar and its mechanisms in aqueous systems. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 28(5):1375-1383.
[35]   Shen X L, Zeng J F, Zhang D L, et al. 2020. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics, chemical speciation and environmental risk of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn in biochars derived from pig manure. Science of the Total Environment, 704:135283.
[36]   Sun X, Atiyeh H K, Li M X, et al. 2019. Biochar facilitated bioprocessing and biorefinery for productions of biofuel and chemicals: A review. Bioresource Technology, 295:122252.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122252 pmid: 31669180
[37]   Surgutskaia N S, Martino A D, Zednik J, et al. 2020. Efficient Cu2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ ion removal from wastewater using electrospun DTPA-modified chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers. Separation and Purification Technology, 247:116914.
doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116914
[38]   Tang J, Zhang L H, Zhang J C, et al. 2020. Physicochemical features, metal availability and enzyme activity in heavy metal-polluted soil remediated by biochar and compost. Science of the Total Environment, 701:134751.
[39]   Tang J C, Zhu W Y, Kookana R, et al. 2013. Characteristics of biochar and its application in remediation of contaminated soil. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 116(6):653-659.
doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.05.035 pmid: 23810668
[40]   Tiquia S. 2010. Reduction of compost phytotoxicity during the process of decomposition. Chemosphere, 79(5):506-512.
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.040 pmid: 20299074
[41]   Wang X, Selvam A, Chan M, et al. 2013. Nitrogen conservation and acidity control during food wastes composting through struvite formation. Bioresource Technology, 147:17-22.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.060 pmid: 23981269
[42]   Wei Y Q, Zhao Y, Wang H, et al. 2016. An optimized regulating method for composting phosphorus fractions transformation based on biochar addition and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria inoculation. Bioresource Technology, 221:139-146.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.038 pmid: 27639232
[43]   Xiao Z H, Yuan X Z, Leng L J, et al. 2016. Risk assessment of heavy metals from combustion of pelletized municipal sewage sludge. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23:3934-3942.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5213-0 pmid: 26503007
[44]   Xu N, Tan G, Wang H, et al. 2016. Effect of biochar additions to soil on nitrogen leaching, microbial biomass and bacterial community structure. European Journal of Soil Biology, 74:1-8.
[45]   Xu Y G, Bai T X, Yan Y B, et al. 2020. Influence of sodium hydroxide addition on characteristics and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochars derived from swine manure. Waste Management, 105:511-519.
doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.035 pmid: 32143146
[46]   Yan M M, Jia W X, Su S M, et al. 2018. Phytoavailability comparison of Cu and Zn in two types of leaf vegetables after application with manure and their equivalent water-soluble salts. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 37:223-231.
[47]   Yang F, Li Y, Han Y H, et al. 2019. Performance of mature compost to control gaseous emissions in kitchen waste composting. Science of the Total Environment, 657:262-269.
[48]   Yang X, Liu J J, McGrouther K, et al. 2016. Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(2):974-984.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4233-0 pmid: 25772863
[49]   Yao Y L, Zhu F X, Chen H J, et al. 2020. Utilization of gibberellin fermentation residues with swine manure by two-step composting mediated by housefly maggot bioconversion. Waste Management, 105:339-346.
doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.024 pmid: 32114405
[50]   Yu Z, Tang J, Liao H P, et al. 2018. The distinctive microbial community improves composting efficiency in a full-scale hyperthermophilic composting plant. Bioresource Technology, 265:146-154.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.011 pmid: 29890439
[51]   Zeng G M, Yu M, Chen Y N, et al. 2010. Effects of inoculation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium at various time points on enzyme activities during agricultural waste composting. Bioresource Technology, 101(1):222-227.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.013 pmid: 19717299
[52]   Zeng G M, Yu Z, Chen Y N, et al. 2011. Response of compost maturity and microbial community composition to pentachlorophenol (PCP)-contaminated soil during composting. Bioresource Technology, 102(10):5905-5911.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.088 pmid: 21414773
[53]   Zeng X Y, Xiao Z H, Zhang G L, et al. 2018. Speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals in pyrolytic biochar of swine and goat manures. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 132:82-93.
[54]   Zhang C T, Zhang L J, Gao J X, et al. 2020. Evolution of the functional groups/structures of biochar and heteroatoms during the pyrolysis of seaweed. Algal Research, 48:101900.
[55]   Zhang L H, Dong H R, Zhu Y, et al. 2019. Evolutions of different microbial populations and the relationships with matrix properties during agricultural waste composting with amendment of iron (hydr)oxide nanoparticles. Bioresource Technology, 289:121697.
pmid: 31255963
[56]   Zhong X Z, Li X X, Zeng Y, et al. 2020. Dynamic change of bacterial community during dairy manure composting process revealed by high-throughput sequencing and advanced bioinformatics tools. Bioresource Technology, 306:123091.
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123091 pmid: 32169511
[57]   Zucconi F, Pera A, Forte M, et al. 1981. Evaluating toxicity of immature compost. Biocycle, 22:54-57.
[1] ZOU Yiping, ZHANG Shuyue, SHI Ziyue, ZHOU Huixin, ZHENG Haowei, HU Jiahui, MEI Jing, BAI Lu, JIA Jianli. Effects of mixed-based biochar on water infiltration and evaporation in aeolian sand soil[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2022, 14(4): 374-389.
[2] WU Yan, LI Fei, ZHENG Haichun, HONG Mei, HU Yuncai, ZHAO Bayinnamula, DE Haishan. Effects of three types of soil amendments on yield and soil nitrogen balance of maize-wheat rotation system in the Hetao Irrigation Area, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2019, 11(6): 904-915.
[3] Shenghai PU, Guangyong LI, Guangmu TANG, Yunshu ZHANG, Wanli XU, Pan LI, Guangping FENG, Feng DING. Effects of biochar on water movement characteristics in sandy soil under drip irrigation[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2019, 11(5): 740-753.
[4] Tongtong WANG, E STEWART Catherine, Jiangbo MA, Jiyong ZHENG, Xingchang ZHANG. Applicability of five models to simulate water infiltration into soil with added biochar[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2017, 9(5): 701-711.