Disturbance of plateau zokor-made mound stimulates plant community regeneration in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

doi:10.1007/s40333-021-0020-6

Journal of Arid Land

2021, Vol. 13

Issue (10): 1054-1070 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-021-0020-6 CSTR: 32276.14.s40333-021-0020-6

Research article

Disturbance of plateau zokor-made mound stimulates plant community regeneration in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

XIANG Zeyu¹, Arvind BHATT¹, TANG Zhongbin¹, PENG Yansong¹, WU Weifeng¹, ZHANG Jiaxin¹, WANG Jingxuan¹, David GALLACHER², ZHOU Saixia¹^,^*(

)

¹Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
²School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri NSW 2390, Australia

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Abstract

Mounds constructed by plateau zokors, which is widely distributed in alpine meadows significantly modified plant community structure. However, the variations of plant community structure under the disturbance of plateau zokor-made mound are less concerned. Therefore, we investigated the responses of plant community on zokor-made mound of different years (1 a and 3-4 a), and compared with undisturbed sites (no mound) in an alpine meadow in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), China. Species richness, coverage and Simpson diversity index were all significantly reduced by the presence of zokor-made mound, but plant heights were significantly increased, particularly in grasses and sedges. Several perennial forage species showed an increased importance value and niche breadth, including Koeleria macrantha, Elymus nutans and Poa pratensis. The effect of zokor-made mound on niche overlap showed that more intense interspecific competition produced a greater utilization of environmental resources. And this interspecific niche overlap was strengthened as succession progressed. The bare mound created by zokor burrowing activities provided a colonizing opportunity for non-dominant forage species, resulting in abundant plant species and plant diversity during the succession period. We concluded that presence of zokor-made mound was conducive to regeneration and vitality of plant community in alpine meadows, thus improving their resilience to anthropogenic stress.

Key words： rodent mound zokor disturbance alpine meadow vegetation recovery niche

Received: 20 January 2021 Published: 10 October 2021

Corresponding Authors: *ZHOU Saixia (E-mail: zhousx@lsbg.cn)

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	XIANG Zeyu
	Arvind BHATT
	TANG Zhongbin
	PENG Yansong
	WU Weifeng
	ZHANG Jiaxin
	WANG Jingxuan
	David GALLACHER
	ZHOU Saixia

Cite this article:

XIANG Zeyu, Arvind BHATT, TANG Zhongbin, PENG Yansong, WU Weifeng, ZHANG Jiaxin, WANG Jingxuan, David GALLACHER, ZHOU Saixia. Disturbance of plateau zokor-made mound stimulates plant community regeneration in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Journal of Arid Land, 2021, 13(10): 1054-1070.

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http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-021-0020-6 OR http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2021/V13/I10/1054

Table 1 Effect of zokor-made mound on plant community structure

Fig. 1 Species richness (a-d), coverage (e-h) and height (i-l) for each plant functional group and zokor-made mound type. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different types of zokor-made mound at P<0.05 level.

No.	Species	Functional group	Life cycle	1 a		3-4 a		No mound
No.	Species	Functional group	Life cycle	IV	∆O_ik	IV	∆O_ik	IV	∆O_ik
S1	Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult.	Grass	P	0.067	11.909	0.090	7.422	0.029	6.962
S2	Elymus nutans Griseb.	Grass	P	0.048	9.767	0.076	12.948	0.014	-10.019
S3	Avena fatua L.	Grass	A	0.007	-10.809	-	-	-	-
S4	Poa pratensis L.	Grass	P	0.043	6.442	0.073	15.020	0.013	-10.020
S5	Festuca rubra L.	Grass	P	0.016	-0.683	0.010	-8.317	0.051	8.599
S6	Festuca ovina L.	Grass	P	-	-	0.038	-1.328	0.011	-10.134
S7	Kobresia capillifolia (Decne.) C. B. Clarke	Sedge	P	0.011	-7.626	-	-	0.044	2.442
S8	Trichophorum distigmaticum (Kük.) T. V. Egorova	Sedge	P	0.030	0.733	0.054	-4.205	0.031	0.686
S9	Carex kansuensis Nelmes	Sedge	P	0.026	1.543	0.087	-0.848	0.037	7.012
S10	Astragalus craibianus G. Simpson	Legume	P	0.025	6.854	0.012	-4.787	0.025	4.189
S11	Tibetia himalaica (Baker) H. P. Tsui	Legume	P	0.015	-2.189	0.013	0.836	0.045	9.453
S12	Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge	Legume	P	-	-	-	-	0.033	9.053
S13	Artemisia annua L.	Forb	A	0.104	7.983	0.008	-4.603	-	-
S14	Anaphalis lactea Maxim.	Forb	P	0.047	5.788	0.004	-8.326	0.045	8.129
S15	Saussurea nigrescens Maxim.	Forb	P	0.026	6.589	0.014	1.703	0.062	10.708
S16	Taraxacum lugubre Dahlst.	Forb	P	0.003	-10.802	-	-	0.009	-5.799
S17	Cirsium periacanthaceum C. Shih	Forb	P	0.011	-10.812	-	-	-	-
S18	Leontopodium nanum (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Hand.-Mazz.	Forb	P	-	-	0.004	-8.314	-	-
S19	Leontopodium stracheyi (Hook.f.) C. B. Clarke ex Hemsl.	Forb	P	-	-	-	-	0.012	-5.540
S20	Ajania tenuifolia Tzvelev	Forb	P	-	-	-	-	0.014	-0.940
S21	Saussurea graminea Dunn	Forb	P	-	-	-	-	0.005	-9.958
S22	Potentilla anserina L.	Forb	P	0.033	7.290	0.011	-8.363	0.029	9.214
S23	Potentilla nivea L.	Forb	P	0.004	-10.275	0.012	1.471	0.023	4.662
S24	Delphinium caeruleum Jacquem. ex Cambess.	Forb	P	0.011	-8.966	0.008	-8.318	0.018	-5.468
S25	Trollius farreri Stapf	Forb	P	0.015	2.063	0.010	1.871	0.006	-9.927
S26	Ranunculus tanguticus (Maxim.) Ovcz.	Forb	P	0.037	8.548	0.012	1.821	0.033	10.286
S27	Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex DC.	Forb	P	0.019	1.721	0.005	-8.314	0.035	11.582
No.	Species	Functional group	Life cycle	1 a		3-4 a		No mound
No.	Species	Functional group	Life cycle	IV	∆O_ik	IV	∆O_ik	IV	∆O_ik
S28	Gentianopsis paludosa (Hook. f.) Ma	Forb	A	0.007	-10.278	0.008	-4.527	0.007	-9.923
S29	Halenia elliptica D. Don	Forb	A	0.029	6.296	0.005	-8.319	0.017	-1.326
S30	Gentiana ornata (D.Don) Wall. ex Griseb.	Forb	P	0.008	-9.063	0.007	-4.538	0.036	6.973
S31	Gentiana leucomelaena Maxim.	Forb	A	-	-	-	-	0.014	2.500
S32	Gentiana abaensis T. N. Ho	Forb	A	-	-	-	-	0.006	-10.050
S33	Lancea tibetica Hook. f. & Thomson	Forb	P	0.011	-4.665	0.025	11.953	0.012	-0.878
S34	Veronica eriogyne H. Winkl.	Forb	P	0.031	5.965	0.012	1.923	0.017	-5.860
S35	Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim.	Forb	A	-	-	0.004	-8.327	0.005	-9.936
S36	Epilobium royleanum Hausskn.	Forb	P	0.010	-9.068	-	-	-	-
S37	Plantago depressa Willd.	Forb	A	0.020	2.053	0.024	5.694	0.010	-5.725
S38	Stellaria infracta Maxim.	Forb	P	0.027	8.462	0.037	14.024	-	-
S39	Equisetum arvense L.	Forb	P	0.006	-7.658	0.006	-4.123	-	-
S40	Geranium pylzowianum Maxim.	Forb	P	0.022	2.887	-	-	0.009	-5.624
S41	Allium sikkimense Baker	Forb	P	-	-	0.030	5.650	0.026	4.678

Table 2 Importance value (IV) and ecological attribute value (ΔO_ik) for each plant species under different types of zokor-made mound

Fig. 2 Shannon-Wiener niche breadth index (a), Levins niche breadth index (b) and Hurlbert niche breadth index (c) of plant species under different types of zokor-made mound. S1-S41 indicate plant species.

Table S1 Coefficient of niche overlap in 1 a zokor-made mound

Table S2 Coefficient of niche overlap in 3-4 a zokor-made mound

Table S3 Coefficient of niche overlap in no mound

Fig. 3 Ecological response rates (R) of plant species under different types of zokor-made mound. R-NB_SW, ecological response rate of Shannon-Wiener index (a); R-NB_L, ecological response rate of Levins index (b); R-NB_H, ecological response rate of Hurlbert index (c). S1-S41 indicate plant species.

Fig. 4 Principal components analysis (PCA) of niche breadth under different types of zokor-made mound. S1-S41 indicate plant species.

Fig. 5 Principal components analysis (PCA) of ecological response rate under different types of zokor-made mound. S1-S41 indicate plant species.

Fig. 6 Coefficients of niche overlap of plant species under different types of zokor-made mound. (a), 1 a mound; (b), 3-4 a mound; (c), no mound. Bars are standard errors. * indicates significant difference among plant species at P<0.05 level. S1-S41 indicate plant species.


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