1 | Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schltdl. | Malvaceae | Angola, Burkina, Cameroon, Cape Verde, and Chad (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Abutaha et al. (2020) |
2 | Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl. | Poaceae | Baleares, Bulgaria, and France, and Spain (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
3 | Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult. | Amaranthaceae | Botswana, Burkina, Cameroon, Cape Verde, and Chad (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
4 | Agathophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides (Delile) Fenzl ex Bun | Amaranthaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
5 | Agathophora alopecuroides var. papillosa (Maire) Boulos | Amaranthaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
6 | Allium crameri Asch. & Boiss. | Amaryllidaceae | Bardawil Lake and Mediterranean coast of Rafah (ME) | CAIM (1998); Nada et al. (2013); and El-Khalafy et al. (2021a, b) | ● | | √ | |
7 | Allium decaisnei C. Presl | Amaryllidaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
8 | Allium papillare Boiss. | Amaryllidaceae | Bardawil Lake and Rafah (ME) | CAIM (1928); Boulos (1999-2005); El-Garf (2000); and El-Bana (2009) | ● | | × | |
9 | Allium rothii Zucc. | Amaryllidaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
10 | Allium sinaiticum Boiss. | Amaryllidaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
11 | Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq. | Amaranthaceae | Spain (ME) | GBIF | × | √ | × | × |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt, Rafah and Sallum (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); Khafagi et al. (2005); Amer et al. (2020); and Gamal et al. (2022) |
12 | Anarrhinum forskaohlii subsp. pubescens D. A. Sutton | Plantaginaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
13 | Anastatica hierochuntica L. | Brassicaceae | Canary Islands (ME) | POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Sudan and Eritrea (SZ) | POWO |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
14 | Anthemis melampodina subsp. deserti (Boiss.) Eig | Asteraceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974); Boulos (1999-2005); Fakhry and Al-Anazi (2017); and Osman and Abdein (2019) | ● | | × | √ |
15 | Anthemis melampodina subsp. melampodina | Asteraceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974); Boulos (1999-2005); Fakhry and Al-Anazi (2017); and Osman and Abdein (2019) | ● | | × | √ |
16 | Anthemis scrobicularis Yavin | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
17 | Anthemis zoharyana Eig | Asteraceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) | ● | | √ | |
18 | Anvillea garcinii (Burm. f.) DC. | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
19 | Argyrolobium saharae Pomel | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
20 | Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. | Poaceae | Burkina, Cape Verde, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Niger, Kenya, Senegal, and Somalia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | |
Mediterranen coast in Lybia (ME) | Al-Sghair et al. (2019) |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
21 | Arnebia hispidissima (Sieber ex Lehm.) A.DC. | Boraginaceae | Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Niger, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
22 | Arnebia tinctoria Forssk. | Boraginaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
23 | Artemisia judaica L. | Asteraceae | Chad (SZ) | GBIFand POWO | ● | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
24 | Artemisia monosperma Delile | Asteraceae | Al-Arish (North Sinai), Burg El-Arab, Burullus Wetland, and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); Al-Sodany (2009); and Badr et al. (2012) | ● | | × | √ |
25 | Asphodelus refractus Boiss. | Asphodelaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
26 | Asphodelus viscidulus Boiss. | Asphodelaceae | El Burullus and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Galal and Fawzy (2007) | ● | | × | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
27 | Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less. | Asteraceae | Canary Islands (ME) | GBIFand POWO | × | | × | √ |
Chad and Mali (SZ) | GBIFand POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
28 | Astragalus amalecitanus Boiss. | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
29 | Astragalus annularis Forssk. | Fabaceae | Lebanon (ME) | GBIF | ● | √ | × | × |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt, Rosetta, and Sallum (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); El-Hawiet et al. (2010); and Amer et al. (2020) |
30 | Astragalus arpilobus subsp. hauarensis (Boiss.) Podlech | Fabaceae | North of Iran (IT) | GBIF | ● | √ | × | |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) and Boulos (1999-2005) |
31 | Astragalus bombycinus Boiss. | Fabaceae | North of Iran (IT) | Asri (2004) and Osman et al. (2014) | ● | | √ | × |
32 | Astragalus camelorum Barbey | Fabaceae | El-Arish and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) and CAI (1986) | ● | | √ | |
33 | Astragalus caprinus L. | Fabaceae | Cyprus, and Sicilia (ME) | GBIFand POWO | × | | × | √ |
Iran and Turkey (IT) | Flora of Libya |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
34 | Astragalus dactylocarpus subsp. acinaciferus (Boiss.) E. Ott | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
35 | Astragalus eremophilus Boiss. | Fabaceae | Chad, Eritrea, and Sudan (SZ) | Khdery et al. (2019) and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
36 | Astragalus fresenii Decne | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
37 | Astragalus hispidulus DC. | Fabaceae | Coastal area in Libya (ME) | Baayo (2008) | × | √ | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt and Burg el Arab (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and GBIF |
38 | Astragalus intercedens Sam. ex Rech.f. | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
39 | Astragalus kahiricus DC. | Fabaceae | North of Iran, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (IT) | Rahimi and Atri (2013); Flora of Libya; GBIF; and POWO | × | | √ | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
40 | Astragalus palaestinus Eig | Fabaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016) | ● | | √ | |
41 | Astragalus peregrinus subsp. peregrinus Vahl. | Fabaceae | Greece and Kriti (ME) | Flora of Greece (2023) and POWO | ● | √ | × | √ |
El-Arish and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Badr and Sharawy (2007) |
42 | Astragalus sanctus Boiss. | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
43 | Astragalus schimperi Boiss. | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
44 | Astragalus sieberi DC. | Fabaceae | Alexandria El-Alamein desert road, Burullus Wetland, and Matrouh road (ME) | Al-Sodany (2009) and Abd El-Ghani et al. (2021) | ● | | √ | √ |
45 | Astragalus sparsus Decne | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
46 | Astragalus trigonus DC | Fabaceae | Chad, Mali, Niger, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
47 | Astragalus vogelii (Webb) Bornm. | Fabaceae | Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
48 | Atractylis boulosii Tackh. | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
49 | Atractylis carduus (Forssk.) C. Chr. | Asteraceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt and Turkey (ME) | Flora of Libya and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) and Boulos (1999-2005 |
50 | Atractylis mernephthae Asch. & Schweinf. & Letourn. | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
51 | Atractylis prolifera Boiss. | Asteraceae | Coastal area of Libya and Spain (ME) | Flora of Libya and GBIF | ● | | × | |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt, and the northwestern coastal desert of Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Bidak et al. (2015) |
52 | Atractylis serratuloides Sieber ex Cass. | Asteraceae | Coastal area of Libya (ME) | Flora of Libya | ● | | √ | |
North of Sinai (ME) | Täckholm (1974) |
53 | Atraphaxis spinosa var. sinaica (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. | Polygonaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
54 | Atriplex coriacea Forssk. | Amaranthaceae | Somalia (SZ) | GBIF | ● | | × | |
Alexandria, Matrouh, and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | CAI (1959); Boulos (1999-2005) |
55 | Atriplex dimorphostegia Kar. et Kir. | Amaranthaceae | Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (IT) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | √ | × |
56 | Atriplex farinosa Forssk. | Amaranthaceae | Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | √ |
57 | Atriplex glauca L. | Amaranthaceae | Canary Islands, Madeira, Portugal, and Spain (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | |
58 | Atriplex portulacoides L. | Amaranthaceae | Albania, Baleares, Belgium, Canary Islands, Cyprus, and Denmark (ME) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
59 | Atriplex turcomanica (Moq.) Boiss. | Amaranthaceae | Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (IT) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | √ | × |
60 | Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. | Acanthaceae | Cape Provinces, Eritrea, and Kenya (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
61 | Ballota kaiseri Tackh. | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
62 | Bassia arabica (Boiss.) Maire & Weiller | Amaranthaceae | Mariut and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Squires and Ayoub (1994); Boulos (1999-2005); and Turki et al. (2006) | ● | √ | × | |
63 | Bellevalia desertorum Eig & Feinbrun | Asparagaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
64 | Bellevalia eigii Feinbrun | Asparagaceae | Burg el Arab, Mariut, Mediterranen coast in Egypt, and Sallum (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); Amer at al. (2020); and GBIF | ● | | × | |
65 | Bellevalia flexuosa var. galalensis Tackh. & Drar | Asparagaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
66 | Bellevalia zoharyi Feinbrun | Asparagaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
67 | Biarum olivieri Blume | Araceae | Bardawil Lake, Damiette, and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); El-Sheikh (2013); and GBIF | × | | √ | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
68 | Blepharis attenuata Napper | Acanthaceae | West and central Jordan (IT) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016) | ● | | √ | |
69 | Blepharis edulis (Forssk.) Pers. | Acanthaceae | Angola, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
70 | Blumea bovei (DC.) Vatke | Asteraceae | Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | |
71 | Brassica deserti Danin & Hedge | Brassicaceae | El-Arish and north Sinai (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Shehata and Kamel (2007) | ● | | √ | |
72 | Brocchia cinerea (Delile) Vis. | Asteraceae | Ethiopia, Mali, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
73 | Bufonia multiceps Decne. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
74 | Calendula tripterocarpa Rupr. | Asteraceae | France and Spain (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | |
75 | Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton | Apocynaceae | Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
76 | Campanula dulcis Decne. | Campanulaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
77 | Capparis cartilaginea Decne. | Capparaceae | Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, and Tanzania (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
78 | Capparis spinosa var. aegyptia (Lam.) Boiss. | Capparaceae | Greece, Kriti, and Turkey (ME) | GBIFand POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
79 | Carduus getulus Pomel | Asteraceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | √ | × | |
80 | Caroxylon imbricatum (Forssk.) Moq. | Amaranthaceae | Chad, Eritrea, Gebel Elbar, Senegal, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Elkordy et al. (2022) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
81 | Caroxylon tetragonum (Delile) Moq. | Amaranthaceae | Matrouh and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Turki (1999) and Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | √ | × | |
82 | Caroxylon tetrandrum (Forssk.) Akhani & Roalson | Amaranthaceae | Canary Islands and Spain (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and GBIF | ● | √ | × | × |
83 | Caroxylon villosum (Schult.) Akhani & Roalson | Amaranthaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt and north of Syria (ME) | Mosallam (2007) and GBIF | ● | | √ | × |
The northwestern coastal desert of Egypt (ME) | Bidak et al. (2015) |
84 | Caroxylon volkensii (Schweinf. & Asch.) Akhani & Roalson | Amaranthaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); El-Shamy (2016); and Alghanem et al. (2020) | ● | | × | |
85 | Carrichtera annua (L.) DC. | Brassicaceae | Canary Islands, Cyprus, Greece, Kriti, and Portugal (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
86 | Carthamus eriocephalus (Boiss.) Greuter | Asteraceae | Matrouh (ME) | El-Zanaty et al. (2010) | ● | | × | √ |
87 | Phonus mareoticus (Delile) G.López | Asteraceae | Alexandria and Sallum (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Salama et al. (2005) | × | √ | × | √ |
88 | Caudanthera sinaica (Decne.) Plowes | Apocynaceae | South of Yemen and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | |
89 | Caylusea hexagyna (Forssk.) M.L. Green | Resedaceae | Cape Verde, Chad, Eritrea, Mali, Niger, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
90 | Cenchrus divisus (J.F.Gmel.) Verloove, Govaerts & Buttler | Poaceae | Chad, Eritrea, Niger, and Somalia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
91 | Centaurea aegyptiaca L. | Asteraceae | Sudan (SZ) | POWO | ● | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
92 | Centaurea ammocyanus Boiss. | Asteraceae | Lebanon (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | | × | |
North of Iran (IT) | GBIF |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
93 | Centaurea glomerata Vahl | Asteraceae | Italy and Spain (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); Shaltout et al. (2018); and Hamed et al. (2021) |
94 | Centaurea pallescens Delile | Asteraceae | Lebanon, France, and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); Hamed et al. (2021); GBIF; Euro+Med); Flora of Lebanon; and GBIF | × | √ | × | |
95 | Centaurea scoparia Sieber ex Spreng | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
96 | Centaurea sinaica DC. | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
97 | Centaurium malzacianum Maire | Gentianaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
98 | Chiliadenus montanus (Vahl) Brullo | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
99 | Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. | Cucurbitaceae | Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina, Cape Verde, Chad, Cyprus, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) and Canary Islands (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranean coast in Egypt (ME) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
100 | Cleome arabica L | Cleomaceae | Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Niger, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | √ |
101 | Cleome brachycarpa Vahl ex DC. | Cleomaceae | Cape Verde, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
102 | Cleome chrysantha Decne. | Cleomaceae | Sudan and Ethiopia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
103 | Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Delile | Cleomaceae | Eritrea, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
104 | Cebatha pendula (J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Kuntze | Menispermaceae | Cape Verde, Ethiopia, and Somalia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
105 | Colchicum guessfeldtianum Asch. & Schweinf. | Colchicaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
106 | Colchicum ritchii R.Br. | Colchicaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Flora of Libya | ● | | × | |
107 | Colchicum schimperi Janka ex Stef | Colchicaceae | El Arish (ME) | CAI (1965) | ● | | √ | |
108 | Cometes surattensis Burm.f. | Caryophyllaceae | South of Oman (SZ), India, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan (IT) | Al-Sherif et al. (2013) and POWO | ● | | √ | |
109 | Commicarpus boissieri (Heimerl) Cufod. | Nyctaginaceae | South of Oman and south of Yemen (SZ) | GBIF | × | | √ | |
110 | Convolvulus fatmensis Kunze | Convolvulaceae | Chad, Mali, and Sudan (SZ) | | × | √ | × | |
Lebanon and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
111 | Convolvulus hystrix Vahl | Convolvulaceae | Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
112 | Convolvulus lanatus Vahl | Convolvulaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt, and Tukey (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and POWO | ● | √ | × | √ |
113 | Convolvulus schimperi Boiss. | Convolvulaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
114 | Convolvulus spicatus Peter ex Hallier f. | Convolvulaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
115 | Cornulaca monacantha Delile | Amaranthaceae | Chad, Mali, and Niger (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
116 | Cotoneaster orbicularis Schltdl. | Rosaceae | | | √ | | × | |
117 | Crataegus sinaica Boiss. | Rosaceae | Cyprus and Turkey (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | |
118 | Crepis nigricans Viv. | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
119 | Crotalaria aegyptiaca Benth. | Fabaceae | Somalia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | ● | | √ | √ |
120 | Crucianella ciliata Lam. | Rubiaceae | | | √ | | √ | × |
121 | Crucianella membranacea Boiss. | Rubiaceae | Lebanon (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | | × | |
122 | Crucihimalaya kneuckeri (Bornm.) Al-Shehbaz, O'Kane & R. A. Price | Brassicaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
123 | Cucumis prophetarum L | Cucurbitaceae | Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
124 | Cullen plicatum (Delile) C. H. Stirt. | Fabaceae | Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, Sudan, and Somalia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
125 | Cuprella homalocarpa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Salmerón-Sánchez, Mota & Fuertes | Brassicaceae | North of Sinai (ME) | Täckholm (1974) | ● | | × | |
126 | Cuscuta pedicellata Ledeb. | Convolvulaceae | Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, and Russia (IT) and South European (ME) | GBIF and POWO |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
127 | Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K. Richt. | Poaceae | Canary Islands, Cyprus, North Caucasus, Spain, Tadzhikistan, and Transcaucasus (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
128 | Cymbopogon iwarancusa (Jones ex Roxb.) Schult. | Poaceae | China and Vietnam (IT) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | |
129 | Cynanchum acutum L | Apocynaceae | South Europe, Mediterranen coast in Egypt, Spain, and Ukraine (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and GBIF | × | × | × | √ |
130 | Cyperus capitatus Vand. | Cyperaceae | Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, and Kriti (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | |
131 | Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. | Cyperaceae | Burkina, Central African Republic, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, and Kenya (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
132 | Cyperus laevigatus L. | Cyperaceae | Angola, Botswana, Burundi, and Cape Verde (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | |
Canary Islands (ME) | GBIF and POWO |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
133 | Daucus sahariensis Murb. | Apiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
134 | Delphinium bovei Decne. | Ranunculaceae | Eastern Mediterranean coastal region (ME) | Täckholm (1974) | ● | | √ | |
135 | Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf. | Poaceae | Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | √ | √ |
136 | Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. | Apiaceae | Coastal area of Libya and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Flora of Libya | ● | √ | × | √ |
137 | Deverra triradiata Hochst. ex Boiss. | Apiaceae | West of Iraq (IT) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2011) | ● | | √ | √ |
138 | Dianthus guessfeldtianus Muschl. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
139 | Dianthus monadelphus subsp. judaicus (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
140 | Dianthus sinaicus Boiss. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
141 | Diplotaxis acris (Forssk.) Boiss. | Brassicaceae | Turkey and Spain (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Chad (SZ) | POWO |
142 | Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss. | Brassicaceae | Sicilia and Spain (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Somalia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
143 | Ducrosia ismaelis Asch. | Apiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
144 | Echinops glaberrimus DC. | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
145 | Echinops taeckholmianus Amin | Asteraceae | Baltim and Rosetta (ME) | CAI (1987) and El-Khalafy et al. (2021a, b, 2004) | × | | √ | × |
146 | Echiochilon fruticosum Desf. | Boraginaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) and east of Lebanon (IT) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Hamed et al. (2021) | × | × | × | √ |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
147 | Echium angustifolium Mill. | Boraginaceae | Cyprus, Greece, Kriti, and Turkey (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
148 | Echium horridum Batt. | Boraginaceae | Canary Islands (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Mali and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
149 | Echium longifolium Delile | Boraginaceae | Ethiopia and Sudan (SZ) | CAI (1973) and GBIF | × | | √ | |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) |
150 | Echium rauwolfii Delile | Boraginaceae | Sudan (SZ) | POWO | × | | × | √ |
Cyprus (ME) | POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
151 | Echium rubrum Forssk. | Boraginaceae | Russia and Spain (ME) | GBIF | × | √ | × | |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
152 | Enarthrocarpus strangulatus Boiss. | Brassicaceae | The western Mediterranean coastal land in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Turki and El Shayeb (2005) | ● | √ | × | |
153 | Ephedra alata Decne. | Ephedraceae | Chad and Mali (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
154 | Ephedra aphylla Forssk. | Ephedraceae | Cyprus (ME) | POWO | ● | √ | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt and Rosetta (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Abdel-Kader et al. (2003) |
155 | Ephedra pachyclada subsp. sinaica (Riedl) Freitag & Maier-St. | Ephedraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
156 | Eragrostis aegyptiaca (Willd.) Delile | Poaceae | Burkina, Chad, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
157 | Eremobium aegyptiacum subsp. aegyptiacum (Spreng.) Asch. ex Boiss. | Brassicaceae | Chad (SZ) | Khalik (2005) | × | √ | × | √ |
Arish, Burg El Arab, and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); CAI (2004); and TANE (2010) |
158 | Eremobium aegyptiacum var. lineare (Delile) Zohary | Brassicaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
159 | Eremogone sinaica (Boiss.) Dillenb. & Kadereit | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
160 | Erigeron bonariensis L. | Asteraceae | South of America and Western Europe (ES) | Boulos (1999-2005) | × | √ | × | × |
161 | Erodium arborescens (Desf.) Willd. | Geraniaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Mahklouf (2020) | ● | √ | √ | √ |
162 | Erodium crassifolium L'Hér. | Geraniaceae | Cyprus and Kriti (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | ● | √ | × | √ |
163 | Erodium glaucophyllum (L.) L'Hér. | Geraniaceae | Italy (ME) | POWO | × | | × | √ |
Sudan (SZ) | POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) and Boulos (1999-2005) |
Northwestern of Jordan (IT) | Flora of Libya |
164 | Erodium oxyrhinchum M.Bieb. | Geraniaceae | Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China (IT) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Southwest of Saudi Arabia (SZ) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016) |
165 | Erodium pulverulentum (Boiss.) Batt. | Geraniaceae | Eritrea (SZ) | POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Spain (ME) | POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
North of Iran (IT) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
166 | Erodium touchyanum Delile ex Godr. | Geraniaceae | Canary Islands and Cyprus (ME) | POWO | ● | | √ | √ |
167 | Erucaria pinnata (Viv.) Täckh. & Boulos | Brassicaceae | Burg Elarab, Matrouh, and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | CAI (1979); Boulos (1999-2005); and TANE (2006) | ● | | × | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
168 | Euphorbia granulata Forssk | Euphorbiaceae | Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, and Kenya (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
169 | Euphorbia grossheimii (Prokh.) Prokh. | Euphorbiaceae | Transcaucasus (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | ● | | × | |
170 | Euphorbia obovata Decne. | Euphorbiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
171 | Euphorbia retusa Forssk. | Euphorbiaceae | France (ME) | GBIF | ● | √ | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
172 | Farsetia aegyptia Turra | Brassicaceae | Chad, Mali, and Sudan (SZ) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016) and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
173 | Farsetia stylosa R. Br. | Brassicaceae | Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Mali (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
174 | Ferula sinaica Boiss. | Apiacaea | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) | ● | | √ | |
175 | Ficus palmata Forssk. | Moraceae | Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
176 | Galium aparine L. | Rubiaceae | Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Gebel Elbarmany, Greece, and Ireland (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
177 | Galium ceratopodum Boiss. | Rubiaceae | Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Russia, and other places of Central Asia (IT) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
178 | Galium sinaicum (Delile ex Decne) Boiss. | Rubiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
179 | Galium tricornutum Dandy | Rubiaceae | Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Gebel Elbarmany, Greece, and Italy (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Central Asia (IT) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
180 | Glaucium arabicum Fresen. | Papaveraceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | | × | |
181 | Glinus runkewitzii Tackh. & Boulos | Molluginaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
182 | Gymnocarpos decander Forssk. | Caryophyllaceae | Canary Islands (ME) | POWO | ● | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
183 | Gymnocarpos sclerocephalus (Decne.) Dahlgren & Thulin | Caryophyllaceae | Chad, Djibouti, and Eritrea (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
184 | Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss. | Apocynaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
185 | Gypsophila capillaris (Forssk.) C.Chr. | Caryophyllaceae | North of Syria (IT) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016) and GBIF | ● | | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
186 | Halopeplis perfoliata (Forssk.) Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb. | Amaranthaceae | Eritrea and Sudan (SZ) | POWO | × | | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
187 | Haloxylon negevensis (Iljin & Zohary) L.Boulos | Amaranthaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
188 | Haplophyllum poorei C.C.Towns. | Rutaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
189 | Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A. Juss. | Rutaceae | Chad, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
190 | Helianthemum kahiricum Delile | Cistaceae | Cyprus (ME) | POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Makhlouf (2020) |
191 | Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum.Cours. | Cistaceae | Italy and Kriti (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Chad and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
192 | Helianthemum sancti-antoni Schweinf. ex Boiss. | Cistaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
193 | Helianthemum schweinfurthii Grosser | Cistaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
194 | Helianthemum stipulatum (Forssk.) C. Chr. | Cistaceae | Djibouti and Somalia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | |
Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey (ME) | GBIF and POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
195 | Helianthemum ventosum Boiss. | Cistaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
196 | Heliotropium arbainense Fresen. | Boraginaceae | Ethiopia and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
197 | Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk. | Boraginaceae | Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
198 | Heliotropium digynum (Forssk.) Asch. ex C.Chr. | Boraginaceae | The western Mediterranean coastal land (ME) | Turki and El Shayeb (2005) | × | | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
West of Iraq (IT) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
199 | Herniaria hemistemon J. Gay | Caryophyllaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt and Sallum (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Amer at al. (2020) | × | √ | × | √ |
North of Syria (IT) | Makhlouf (2020) and GBIF (2023) |
200 | Heteroderis pusilla (Boiss.) Boiss. | Asteraceae | Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (IT) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | |
201 | Hippocrepis areolata Desv. | Fabaceae | France and Mediterranen coast (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and POWO | ● | √ | × | |
202 | Hippocrepis constricta Kunze | Fabaceae | Chad, Sudan, and Tanzania (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | × |
203 | Hyoscyamus boveanus (Dunal) Asch. & Schweinf. | Solanaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
204 | Hyoscyamus desertorum (Asch. ex Boiss.) Täckh. | Solanaceae | Arish and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and GBIF | ● | | × | × |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
205 | Hyoscyamus pusillus L. | Solanaceae | Central Asia, and south European Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (IT) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
206 | Hypecoum aegyptiacum (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. | Papaveraceae | El Kawm El Akhdar Island and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and TANE (2000) | ● | | × | |
207 | Hypecoum aequilobum Viv. | Papaveraceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | | × | |
208 | Hypericum sinaicum Hochst. ex Boiss. | Hypericaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
209 | Ifloga spicata subsp. hadidii (Fayed & Zareh) Greuter | Asteraceae | Arish and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and GBIF | ● | √ | × | |
210 | Iphiona mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
211 | Iphiona scabra DC. ex Decne. | Asteraceae | Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
212 | Iris mariae Barbey | Iridaceae | Bardawil Lake and Rafah (ME) | El Banna (2009) and GBIF | × | | √ | |
213 | Isatis microcarpa J. Gay ex Boiss. | Brassicaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | | × | |
214 | Kickxia aegyptiaca subsp. aegyptiaca (L.) Nábělek | Plantaginaceae | Chad and Sudan (SZ) | POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016) |
215 | Kickxia floribunda (Boiss.) Täckh. & Boulos | Plantaginaceae | Arish (ME) | Täckholm (1974); El-Hadidi et al. (1999); and GBIF | ● | | √ | |
216 | Lasiurus scindicus Henrard | Poaceae | Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | | | | |
217 | Lathyrus hirsutus L. | Fabaceae | France, Greece, Poland, and Portugal (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
218 | Lathyrus sphaericus Retz. | Fabaceae | France, Greece, and Hungary (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | |
Eritrea and Ethiopia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
219 | Launaea amal-aminiae N. Kilian | Asteraceae | Gebel Elba and Halayeb Triangle (SZ) | Zareh et al. (2016) and Marzouk et al. (2021) | ● | | √ | √ |
220 | Launaea angustifolia (Desf.) Kuntze | Asteraceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) | ● | | √ | |
221 | Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy | Asteraceae | Chad, Eritrea, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Canary Islands (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
222 | Launaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschl | Asteraceae | Chad, Eritrea, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
223 | Launaea mucronata subsp. cassiniana (Jaub. & Spach) N.Kilian | Asteraceae | Chad and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
224 | Launaea spinosa (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. Ex Kuntze | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
225 | Lavandula atriplicifolia Benth. | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
226 | Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. | Lamiaceae | Cape Verde, Chad, and Djibouti (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
227 | Lepidium niloticum (Delile) Sieber ex Steud. | Brassicaceae | Chad and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | √ | |
228 | Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf | Apocynaceae | Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, and Djibouti (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
229 | Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne | Apocynaceae | Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, and Eritrea (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
230 | Leobordea platycarpa (Viv.) B. E. van Wyk & Boatwr. | Fabaceae | Angola, Botswana, Chad, and Central African Republic (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | × |
231 | Limonium axillare (Forssk.) Kuntze | Plumbaginaceae | Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
232 | Limonium pruinosum (L.) Chaz. | Plumbaginaceae | El Alamein, north coast of the Nile Delta in Egypt, and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); El-Amier et al. (2014); and GBIF | × | √ | × | √ |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
233 | Lindenbergia indica (L.) Vatke | Orobanchaceae | Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
234 | Lobularia arabica (Boiss.) Muschl. | Brassicaceae | Greece (ME) | El-Amier (2016) and Flora of Greece | × | √ | × | |
Deltaic Mediterranean coast and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
235 | Lotus hebranicus Hochst. ex Brand | Fabaceae | Sudan (SZ) | Sokoloff (2001) and POWO | ● | | × | √ |
236 | Lotus glinoides Delile | Fabaceae | Chad, Eritrea, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
237 | Lotus lanuginosus Vent. | Fabaceae | | | √ | √ | √ | |
238 | Lupinus digitatus Forssk. | Fabaceae | Senegal (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | ● | | √ | × |
239 | Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult. | Solanaceae | Botswana, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
240 | Lygeum spartum Loefl. ex L. | Poaceae | Italy, Kriti, Mediterranen coast in Libya, and Spain (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; Flora of Libya); and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
241 | Malcolmia pygmaea (DC.) Boiss. | Brassicaceae | Ale×andria, El Arish, and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | CAI (1992); Boulos (1999-2005); and GBIF | × | √ | × | |
242 | Malva ludwigii (L.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso | Malvaceae | Mediteranrn coast (ME) | Asri (2004) | × | × | × | √ |
Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (IT) | POWO |
243 | Matthiola arabica Boiss. | Brassicaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
244 | Matthiola longipetala subsp. hirta (Conti) Greuter & Burdet | Brassicaceae | Mariut (ME) | GBIF | × | √ | × | |
Turkey (IT) | POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Libya (ME) | Flora of Libya |
245 | Matthiola longipetala subsp. livida (Delile) Maire | Brassicaceae | Canary Islands (ME) | POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Burg el arab and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Marzouk et al. (2010) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
246 | Matthiola longipetala subsp. longipetala (Vent.) DC. | Brassicaceae | Cyprus, Turkey, and Uzbekistan (IT) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | √ | × |
247 | Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. | Fabaceae | Botswana, Djibouti, and Ethiopia (SZ) | POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Canary Islands (ME) | POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
248 | Melilotus serratifolius Tackh. & Boulos | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
249 | Mesembryanthemum cryptanthum Hook.f. | Aizoaceae | Angola, Cape Verde, and Namibia (SZ) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016) and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
250 | Micromeria serbaliana Danin & Hedge | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
251 | Micromeria sinaica Benth. | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
252 | Microparacaryum intermedium (Fresen.) Hilger & Podlech | Boraginaceae | Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan, and West Himalaya (IT) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | × |
Eritrea (SZ) | GBIF and POWO |
253 | Monsonia heliotropioides (Cav.) Boiss. | Geraniaceae | Chad, NiGebel Elbar, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
254 | Monsonia nivea (Decne.) Webb | Geraniaceae | Chad, NiGebel Elbar, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
255 | Morettia canescens Boiss. | Brassicaceae | Chad, Mali, and Niger (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | |
256 | Morettia parviflora Boiss. | Brassicaceae | South of Yemen (SZ) | GBIF | ● | | √ | |
257 | Morettia philaeana (Delile) DC. | Brassicaceae | Chad, Mali, NiGebel Elbar, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
258 | Moricandia nitens (Viv.) E. A. Durand & Barratte | Brassicaceae | Alamein, Burg El arab, and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); Marzouk et al. (2010); and GBIF | × | × | × | √ |
259 | Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Boiss. | Brassicaceae | Somalia (SZ) | Abdullah and Al-Dosari (2022); GBIF; and POWO | ● | | √ | √ |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
260 | Muscari eburneum (Eig & Feinbrun) D.C.Stuart | Lamiaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) | ● | | √ | |
261 | Muscari longipes subsp. negevense (Feinbrun & Danin) Hosni | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
262 | Najas pectinata (Parl.) Magnus | Hydrocharitaceae | Chad, Guinea, Mali, and Senegal (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | |
263 | Nanorrhinum acerbianum (Boiss.) Betsche | Plantaginaceae | Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | | × | √ |
264 | Nanorrhinum macilentum (Decne.) Betsche | Plantaginaceae | Chad and Sudan (SZ) | Brundu and Camarda (2013) and POWO | ● | | √ | |
265 | Nasturtiopsis integrifolia (Boulos) Abdel Khalik & F.T.Bakker | Brassicaceae | El Arish (ME) | GBIF | ● | | √ | |
266 | Nepeta septemcrenata Ehrenb. ex Benth. | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
267 | Neurada procumbens L. | Neuradaceae | Chad, Eritrea, Mali, Niger, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Cyprus (ME) | GBIF and POWO |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
268 | Nidorella aegyptiaca (L.) J. C. Manning & Goldblatt | Asteraceae | Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Guinea (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | |
269 | Nitraria retusa (Forssk.) Asch. | Nitrariaceae | Senegal and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
270 | Ochradenus baccatus Delile | Resedaceae | Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
271 | Ogastemma pusillum (Coss. & Durieu ex Bonnet & Barratte) Brummitt | Boraginaceae | Canary Islands (ME) | POWO | ● | | √ | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
272 | Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl ex Hornem.) J. F. Macbr. | Resedaceae | Canary Islands and Kriti (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Chad (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
China (IT) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
273 | Onobrychis ptolemaica (Delile) DC. | Fabaceae | Turkey (IT) | GBIF and TÜBİVES (2023) | ● | | √ | |
274 | Onopordum ambiguum Fresen. | Asteraceae | Centre of Jordan (IT) | Rabei et al. (2021) | ● | × | √ | |
275 | Origanum isthmicum Danin | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
276 | Origanum syriacum subsp. sinaicum (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
277 | Pallenis hierichuntica (Michon) Greuter | Asteraceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | × | × | × | √ |
Canary Islands (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and POWO |
East Iran (IT) | Flora of Libya |
278 | Pancratium sickenbergeri Asch. & Schweinf. | Amaryllidaceae | Bardawil Lake, El Borollos, and Omayed (ME), and Elba Mountain (SZ) | TANE (2000) and El-Bana (2009) | × | | √ | |
279 | Panicum turgidum Forssk. | Poaceae | Benin, Burkina, Chad, Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
280 | Papaver decaisnei (Elkan) Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss. | Papaveraceae | Burg El-Arab and Mersa Matruh (ME) | Taia (2009) | × | | √ | |
Russia (IT) | GBIF |
281 | Paronychia arabica subsp. arabica (L.) DC. | Caryophyllaceae | Chad (SZ) | POWO | ● | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
282 | Paronychia sinaica Fresen. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
283 | Pergularia tomentosa L. | Apocynaceae | Benin, Burkina, Chad, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Mali, and Niger (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
284 | Periploca aphylla subsp. aphylla Decne. | Apocynaceae | South of Yemen and South of Oman (SZ) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016) and GBIF | × | | √ | |
285 | Persicaria obtusifolia (Täckh. & Boulos) Greuter & Burdet | Polygonaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
286 | Petrorhagia arabica (Boiss.) P. W. Ball & Heywood | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
287 | Phagnalon barbeyanum Asch. & Schweinf. | Asteraceae | Matrouh and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974); Sabri et al. (1992); and Boulos (1999-2005) | × | √ | × | √ |
288 | Phagnalon nitidum Fresen. | Asteraceae | Ethiopia (SZ) | GBIF | ● | | √ | |
289 | Phagnalon sinaicum Bornm. & Kneuck. | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
290 | Phlomis aurea Decne. | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
291 | Phoenix dactylifera L. | Arecaceae | Canary Islands (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Benin, Cape Verde, and Chad (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
China (IT) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
292 | Picris cyanocarpa Boiss. | Asteraceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) | ● | | √ | √ |
293 | Picris sulphurea Delile | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
294 | Pimpinella schweinfurthii Asch. | Apiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
295 | Pistacia khinjuk Stocks | Anacardiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
296 | Plantago amplexicaulis subsp. bauphula (Edgew.) Rech.f. | Plantaginaceae | Spain (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and POWO | ● | | × | × |
297 | Plantago cylindrica Forssk. | Plantaginaceae | El Arish, Mediterranen coast in Egypt, and the way between Burg El Arab and El Alamin (ME) | CAI (1964) and Boulos (1999-2005) | × | | × | √ |
298 | Plantago sinaica (Barneoud) Decne. | Plantaginaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
299 | Plicosepalus acaciae (Zucc.) Wiens & Polhill | Loranthaceae | Chad, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
300 | Plicosepalus curviflorus (Benth. exoliv.) Tiegh | Loranthaceae | Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
301 | Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. | Asteraceae | Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
Lebanon (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
302 | Podonosma galalensis Schweinf. ex Boiss. | Boraginaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
303 | Polycarpaea repens (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. | Caryophyllaceae | Chad, Niger, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
304 | Polycarpaea robbairea (Kuntze) Greuter & Burdet | Caryophyllaceae | Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Mali, Niger, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
305 | Polycarpon succulentum J.Gay | Caryophyllaceae | Bardawil Lake and Sallum (ME) | El Bana (2009) and Amer et al. (2020) | × | √ | × | |
Lebanon (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
306 | Polygala sinaica var. glabrescens (Zohary) Boulos | Polygalaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
307 | Polygala sinaica var. sinaica Botsch. | Polygalaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
308 | Evotrochis involucrata Raf. | Primulaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
309 | Pseuderucaria clavata (Boiss. & Reut.) O.E. Schulz | Brassicaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | | × | √ |
310 | Pseuderucaria teretifolia (Desf.) O. E. Schulz | Brassicaceae | | | √ | √ | √ | |
311 | Pteranthus dichotomus Forssk. | Caryophyllaceae | Canary Islands, Cyprus, and Sicilia (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
312 | Pterocephalus arabicus Boiss. | Caprifoliaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
313 | Pterocephalus sanctus Decne. | Caprifoliaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
314 | Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC. | Asteraceae | Benin, Burkina, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
315 | Pulicaria sicula (L.) Moris | Asteraceae | Albania, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, and Sicilia (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | |
316 | Pulicaria undulata (L.) C. A. Mey. | Asteraceae | Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
317 | Pycnocycla tomentosa Decne. | Apiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
318 | Reaumuria hirtella Jaub. & Spach | Tamariaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt and the northern coastal region of Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Abozeed (2014) | × | × | × | √ |
319 | Reaumuria hirtella var. palaestina (Boiss.) Zohary & Danin | Tamariaceae | North of Syria (ME) | GBIF | ● | | √ | |
320 | Reaumuria negevensis Zohary & Danin | Tamariaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
321 | Reseda alba L. | Resedaceae | Albania, Cyprus, France, and Greece (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Eritrea (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
322 | Reseda arabica Boiss. | Resedaceae | Burg El Arab, El Arish, and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); CAI (2012); and El-Ahmir et al. (2020) | × | | × | √ |
323 | Reseda decursiva Forssk. | Resedaceae | Chile and Spain (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
324 | Reseda muricata C. Presl | Resedaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
325 | Reseda pruinosa Delile | Resedaceae | Ethiopia and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
326 | Reseda stenostachya Boiss. | Resedaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
327 | Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb & Berthel. | Fabaceae | Greece and Sicilia (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
328 | Rhamnus disperma Ehrenb. ex Boiss. | Rhamnaceae | | | √ | | × | |
329 | Rhamphospermum arvense (L.) Besser | Brassicaceae | lbania, Altay, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Gebel Elbarmany, and Greece (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
330 | Rhazya greissii Tackh. & Boulos | Apocynaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
331 | Rhazya stricta Decne. | Apocynaceae | South of Yemen (SZ) | GBIF | ● | | √ | |
332 | Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. | Fabaceae | Angola, Benin, and Botswana (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
333 | Robeschia schimperi (Boiss.) O. E. Schulz | Brassicaceae | Central Iran and Syria (IT) | GBIF | × | | √ | |
334 | Rosa arabica (Crép. ex Boiss.) Déségl. | Rosaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
335 | Rostraria rohlfsii (Asch.) Holub | Poaceae | Chad and Niger (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | |
336 | Rumex aegyptiacus L. | Polygonaceae | France (ME) | GBIF | × | | √ | |
Burg El Arab and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | El-Khalafy et al. (2021a, b) and Balah and Hozyan (2022) |
337 | Rumex cyprius Murb | Polygonaceae | Cyprus (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
338 | Rumex dentatus L. | Polygonaceae | Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, and Greece (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
China (IT) | GBIF and POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
339 | Rumex pictus Forssk. | Polygonaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt and Rosetta (ME) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016); Abd El-Aal et al. (2019); and GBIF | × | | √ | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
340 | Rumex simpliciflorus Murb. | Polygonaceae | Chad and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
341 | Salvadora persica L. | Salvadoraceae | Angola, Botswana, Burkina, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, and Niger (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
342 | Salvia aegyptiaca L. | Lamiaceae | Chad, Eritrea, Mali, and Niger (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
Canary Islands (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
343 | Salvia deserti Decne. | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
344 | Savignya parviflora (Delile) Webb | Brassicaceae | El Dabaa (ME) | CAI (2021) | ● | | √ | √ |
East of Iran (IT) | Osman et al. (2014) and Flora of Libya |
345 | Scabiosa eremophila Boiss. | Caprifoliaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt and Omayed (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Ahmed et al. (2015) | ● | | × | |
346 | Schimpera arabica Hochst. & Steud. | Brassicaceae | | | √ | √ | √ | √ |
347 | Schouwia purpurea (Forssk.) Schweinf. | Brassicaceae | Burkina, Chad, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Mali, and Niger (SZ) | Alyasi (2020); GBIF; and POWO (2023 | × | √ | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
348 | Scorzonera drarii V.Tackh. | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
349 | Scorzonera schweinfurthii Boiss. | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
350 | Scrophularia deserti Delile | Scrophulariaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
351 | Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydler | Scrophulariaceae | North of Iran (IT) | Feyzi et al. (2014); Veiskarami and Sharifi-Tehrani (2017); and GBIF | × | | √ | |
352 | Senecio aegyptius L. | Asteraceae | Ethiopia and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | |
Cyprus (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
353 | Senecio belbeysius Delile | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
354 | Senecio flavus (Decne.) Sch. Bip | Asteraceae | Canary Islands and Spain (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Chad, Namibia, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
355 | Senna holosericea (Freseu) Greuter | Fabaceae | Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
356 | Senna italica Mill. | Fabaceae | Benin (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Colombia and Jamaica (ES) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) and Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
357 | Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. | Poaceae | Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, and Cameroon (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
358 | Silene arabica Boiss. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | × |
359 | Silene hussonii Boiss. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
360 | Silene leucophylla Boiss. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
361 | Silene linearis Decne. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
362 | Silene odontopetala var. congesta Boiss. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
363 | Silene oreosinaica Chowdhuri | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
364 | Silene schimperiana Boiss. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
365 | Silene villosa var. graveolens Sickenb. | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
366 | Silene vivianii subsp. viscida (Boiss.) Boulos | Caryophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
367 | Silene vivianii subsp. vivianii Steud. | Caryophyllaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | × | | × | √ |
368 | Soda schweinfurthii (Solms) Akhani | Amaranthaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | √ | × | |
369 | Solenostemma oleifolium (Nectoux) Bullock & E.A. Bruce | Apocynaceae | Chad, Mali, Niger, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
370 | Sporobolus spicatus (Vahl) Kunth | Poaceae | Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) and SZ | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
371 | Stachys aegyptiaca Pers. | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
372 | Stipagrostis drarii (Tackh.) de Winter | Poaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
373 | Stipagrostis multinerva H. Scholz | Poaceae | East of Iran (IT) | GBIF | ● | | √ | |
374 | Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T.Anderson | Poaceae | Chad, Cyprus, Mali, and Niger (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
375 | Stipagrostis vulnerans (Trin. & Rupr.) De Winter | Poaceae | Chad, Mali, Niger, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | |
376 | Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary | Amaranthaceae | Djibouti and Eritrea (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Cyprus (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO |
377 | | Amaranthaceae | Italy (ME) | GBIF | × | √ | × | |
Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel. | Somalia (SZ) | GBIF |
| Mexico (ES) | GBIF |
378 | Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J. Gmelin | Amaranthaceae | Botswana, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
379 | Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F.Gme | Amaranthaceae | Chad, Djibouti, and Eritrea (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
380 | Tamarix amplexicaulis Ehrenb. | Tamaricaceae | Chad, Mali, and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | |
381 | Tamarix aphylla (L.) H. Karst | Tamaricaceae | Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Niger (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
382 | Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge | Tamaricaceae | Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | × |
Greece (ME) | GBIF and POWO |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME | Boulos (1999-2005) |
383 | Tamarix passerinoides Delile ex Decne. | Tamaricaceae | Turkmenistan and Russia (IT) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | √ | × | |
Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
384 | Tamarix tetragyna Ehrenb. | Tamaricaceae | Cyperus (ME) | POWO | × | √ | × | × |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
Russia (IT) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
385 | Tanacetum sinaicum (Fresen.) Delile ex K.Bremer & Humphries | Asteraceae | | | √ | | √ | |
386 | Taverniera aegyptiaca Boiss. | Fabaceae | Eritrea and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Täckholm (1974) |
387 | Telephium sphaerospermum Boiss. | Caryophyllaceae | Somalia, South of Yemen (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | ● | √ | √ | |
388 | Tephrosia kassasii Boulos | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
389 | Tephrosia purpurea subsp. apollinea (Delile) Hosni & El-Karemy | Fabaceae | Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Somalia (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
390 | Tephrosia purpurea subsp. leptostachya (DC.) Brummitt | Fabaceae | Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Tropical Africa (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
391 | Teucrium decaisnei C. Presl | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
392 | Teucrium leucocladum Boiss. | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
393 | Teucrium polium L. | Lamiaceae | France, Morocco, and Spain (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
394 | Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl | Thymelaeaceae | Baleares, Cyprus, France, Greece, and Italy (ME) | GBIF and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
395 | Thymus bovei Benth. | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
396 | Thymus decussatus Benth. | Lamiaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
397 | Traganum nudatum Delile | Amaranthaceae | Matrouh and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) and El-Bassossy (2022) | ● | √ | × | √ |
398 | Tragopogon collinus DC. | Asteraceae | Armenia and Kazakhstan (IT) | GBIF and POWO | × | | √ | |
399 | Tribulus kaiseri Hosni | Zygophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
400 | Tribulus megistopterus Kralik | Zygophyllaceae | Chad and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
401 | Trifolium alexandrinum L | Fabaceae | Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, and Kriti (ME) and Nepal and China (IT) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
402 | Trigonella glabra Thunb. | Fabaceae | Djibouti and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | √ | × | |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
403 | Trigonella media Delile ex Urb. | Fabaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
404 | Trigonella schlumbergeri Boiss. | Fabaceae | | | √ | | × | |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
405 | Tripleurospermum auriculatum (Boiss.) Rech.f. | Asteraceae | West of Syria and west of Lebanon (IT) | Boulos (1999-2005) and GBIF | ● | | × | |
406 | Vachellia flava (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr. | Fabaceae | Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Chad (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
407 | Vachellia gerrardi var. najdensis (Chaudhary) Ragup., Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin | Fabaceae | South of Yemen and south of Oman (SZ) | GBIF | ● | | √ | |
408 | Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana (Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr | Fabaceae | Burkina, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Kenya (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | × | × | √ |
409 | Verbascum decaisneanum Kuntze | Scrophulariaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
410 | Verbascum eremobium Murb. | Scrophulariaceae | Centre of Jordan (IT) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016) | ● | | √ | |
411 | Verbascum fruticulosum Post & Autran | Scrophulariaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
412 | Verbascum schimperianum Boiss. | Scrophulariaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
413 | Veronica anagalloides subsp. taeckholmiorum Chrtek & Osb.-Kos. | Plantaginaceae | El Beheira, El-Mahmudia, and Egypt (ME) | CAI (1970) | ● | | √ | |
414 | Veronica kaiseri Tackh. | Plantaginaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
415 | Vicia sinaica Boulos | Fabaceae | Arish (ME) | El-Khalafy et al. (2021a, b, 2024) and Bedair et al. (2023) | × | | √ | |
416 | Volutaria sinaica (DC.) Wagenitz | Asteraceae | Chad (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | ● | | × | |
Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
417 | Zilla spinosa subsp. biparmata (O.E.Schulz) Maire & Weiller | Brassicaceae | Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Greuter et al. (1984, 1986, 1989); Boulos (1999-2005); and Greuter and von Raab-Straube (2008) | ● | √ | × | √ |
418 | Zilla spinosa subsp. spinosa (L.) Prantl | Brassicaceae | Gebel Elba (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005) | ● | √ | × | √ |
419 | Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. | Rhamnaceae | Southwest of Saudi Arabia (SZ) | Danin and Fragman-Sapir (2016) | ● | | √ | |
North of Pakistan, centre of Iran (IT) | Rauf et al. (2016) |
No. | Species | Family | Exclusion region | Reference and website | The present study | Bornkamm and Kehl (1990) | Boulos (1999-2005) | Abd El-Ghani et al. (2017) |
420 | Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. | Rhamnaceae | Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Cyprus, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Ghana (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
421 | Zygophyllum arabicum (L.) Christenh. & Byng | Zygophyllaceae | Chad, Mali, Niger, and Sudan (SZ) | Baayo (2008); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
422 | Zygophyllum bruguieri (DC.) Christenh. & Byng | Zygophyllaceae | Chad, Eritrea, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, and Sudan (SZ) | GBIF and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Gebel Elba (SZ) and Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
423 | Zygophyllum coccineum L. | Zygophyllaceae | Eritrea and Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | ● | | × | √ |
424 | Zygophyllum decumbens Delile | Zygophyllaceae | Namibia, Somalia, south of Oman, Sudan (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
425 | Zygophyllum dumosum Boiss. | Zygophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | |
426 | Zygophyllum glutinosum (Delile) Christenh. & Byng | Zygophyllaceae | Chad, Mali, NiGebel Elbar, and Sudan (SZ) | Flora of Libya and POWO | × | | × | √ |
Mediterranen coast in Egypt (ME) | Boulos (1999-2005) |
427 | Zygophyllum indicum (Burm.f.) Christenh. & Byng | Zygophyllaceae | Chad, Djibouti Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, and Niger (SZ) | Boulos (1999-2005); GBIF; and POWO | × | | × | √ |
428 | Zygophyllum molle (Delile) Christenh. & Byng | Zygophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |
429 | Zygophyllum scabrum (Forssk.) Christenh. & Byng | Zygophyllaceae | | | √ | | √ | √ |