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Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2022, Vol. 14 Issue (10): 1109-1123    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-022-0028-6
Research article     
Manipulated precipitation regulated carbon and phosphorus limitations of microbial metabolisms in a temperate grassland on the Loess Plateau, China
HAI Xuying1, LI Jiwei2, LIU Yulin2, WU Jianzhao1, LI Jianping3, SHANGGUAN Zhouping2, DENG Lei1,2,*()
1State Key Laboratory for Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
3School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Abstract  

Manipulated precipitation patterns can profoundly influence the metabolism of soil microorganisms. However, the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient turnover to microbial metabolic limitation under changing precipitation conditions remain unclear in semi-arid ecosystems. This study measured the potential activities of enzymes associated with carbon (C: β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) and β-D-cellobiosidase (CBH)), nitrogen (N: β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and L-leucine aminopeptidase (LAP)) and phosphorus (P: alkaline phosphatase (AP)) acquisition, to quantify soil microbial metabolic limitations using enzymatic stoichiometry, and then identify the implications for soil microbial metabolic limitations and carbon use efficiency (CUE) under decreased precipitation by 50% (DP) and increased precipitation by 50% (IP) in a temperate grassland. The results showed that soil C and P were the major elements limiting soil microbial metabolism in temperate grasslands. There was a strong positive dependence between microbial C and P limitations under manipulated precipitation. Microbial metabolism limitation was promoted by DP treatment but reversed by IP treatment. Moreover, CUE was inhibited by DP treatment but promoted by IP treatment. Soil microbial metabolism limitation was mainly regulated by soil moisture and soil C, N, and P stoichiometry, followed by available nutrients (i.e., NO- 3, NH+ 4, and dissolved organic C) and microbial biomass (i.e., MBC and MBN). Overall, these findings highlight the potential role of changing precipitation in regulating ecosystem C turnover by limiting microbial metabolism and CUE in temperate grassland ecosystems.

Key words： carbon use efficiency      ecoenzymatic stoichiometry      microbial metabolic limitations      semi-arid ecosystems      soil organic carbon     
Received: 15 July 2022      Published: 31 October 2022
Fund:  National Natural Science Foundation of China(41730638);Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province, China(2021ZDLSF05-02);Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shaanxi Forestry Academy of Sciences, China(SXLK2021-0206);Funding of Special Support Plan of Young Talents Project in China(2021)
Corresponding Authors: *DENG Lei (E-mail: leideng@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
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HAI Xuying
LI Jiwei
LIU Yulin
WU Jianzhao
LI Jianping
SHANGGUAN Zhouping
DENG Lei
Cite this article:

HAI Xuying, LI Jiwei, LIU Yulin, WU Jianzhao, LI Jianping, SHANGGUAN Zhouping, DENG Lei. Manipulated precipitation regulated carbon and phosphorus limitations of microbial metabolisms in a temperate grassland on the Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Arid Land, 2022, 14(10): 1109-1123.

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http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-022-0028-6     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2022/V14/I10/1109

Fig. 1 Experimental design (a) and monthly precipitation of the study area (b)
Factor CUE BG+CBH NAG+LAP AP (BG+CBH)/
(LAP+NAG)		 (BG+CBH)/
AP		 (NAG+LAP)/
AP
Growth stage 0.018* 0.646 0.937 0.005** 0.040* 0.000*** 0.829
Precipitation 0.167 0.231 0.017* 0.802 0.158 0.088 0.014*
Growth stage× Precipitation 0.790 0.001** 0.871 0.058 0.479 0.183 0.598
Table 1 Results of ANOVA of the effects of growth stages and precipitation manipulation on soil extracellular enzymes and their stoichiometric characteristics
Fig. 2 Variations of soil enzymatic activity (a-c) and enzymatic stoichiometry (d-f) under manipulated precipitation at different growth stages. CK, ambient precipitation; DP, decreasing precipitation by 50%; IP, increasing precipitation by 50%. BG, β-1,4-glucosidase; CBH, β-D-cellobiosidase; LAP, L-leucine aminopeptidase; NAG, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase; AP, alkaline phosphatase. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different treatments within the same growth stage at P<0.05 level. Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference among different growth stages within the same treatment at P<0.05 level. Bars are standard errors.
Fig. 3 Enzymatic stoichiometry of relative proportions of C to N acquisition versus C to P acquisition (a), the variation of vector length and angle (b and c) and their relationships (d). CK, ambient precipitation; DP, decreasing precipitation by 50%; IP, increasing precipitation by 50%. BG, β-1,4-glucosidase; CBH, β-D-cellobiosidase; LAP, L-leucine aminopeptidase; NAG, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase; AP, alkaline phosphatase. In the box plot, black boxes show 25% and 75% quantiles, yellow point is the mean value, and yellow horizontal line is the median. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different treatments within the same growth stage at P<0.05 level. Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference among different growth stages within the same treatment at P<0.05 level. Bars are standard errors.
Fig. 4 Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) under manipulated precipitation in different growth stages. CK, ambient precipitation; DP, decreasing precipitation by 50%; IP, increasing precipitation by 50%. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different treatments within the same growth stage at P<0.05 level. Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference among different growth tages within the same treatment at P<0.05 level. Bars are standard errors.
Fig. 5 Correlation analysis of factors affecting microbial C limitation and P limitation under precipitation manipulation. SM, soil moisture; ST, soil temperature; SOC, soil organic carbon; TN, soil total nitrogen; TP, soil total phosphorus; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; DON, dissolved organic N; DOP, dissolved organic P; SAP, soil available phosphorus content; MBC, microbial biomass carbon; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen; MBP, microbial biomass phosphorus; *. P<0.05 level.
Indicator Equation r P
C limitation y=1.80-0.002SM-0.14TN-0.15TN:TP-0.02NO- 3-N 0.45 0.001**
P limitation y=104.54-0.25SM-0.59SOC-1.34SOC:TN-0.11SOC:TP-0.004MBC-0.03MBC:MBP 0.26 0.040*
Table 2 Multiple regression equation of microbial C limitation and P limitation with influencing factors
Fig. 6 Conceptual model of the effects of soil microbial properties on microbial C (a and b) and P (c and d) limitations under manipulated precipitation. SM, soil moisture; SOC, soil organic carbon; TN, soil total nitrogen; TP, soil total phosphorus; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; MBC, microbial biomass carbon; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen. MBP, microbial biomass phosphorus. Numbers at arrows are standardized path coefficients. *, P<0.05 level; **, P<0.01 level; ***, P<0.001 level.
Table 3 Response of soil properties and microbial biomass ecological stoichiometry characteristics to precipitation manipulation in different growth stages
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