Please wait a minute...
Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2023, Vol. 15 Issue (7): 842-857    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-023-0060-1
Research article     
Stem sap flow of Haloxylon ammodendron at different ages and its response to physical factors in the Minqin oasis-desert transition zone, China
QIANG Yuquan1,2,3, ZHANG Jinchun1,2,3,*(), XU Xianying1,2,3, LIU Hujun1,2, DUAN Xiaofeng1,2
1Minqin National Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem Studies, Minqin 733300, China
2Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000, China
3College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Download: HTML     PDF(2578KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      

Abstract  

Haloxylon ammodendron, with its tolerance of drought, high temperature, and salt alkali conditions, is one of the main sand-fixing plant species in the oasis-desert transition zone in China. This study used the TDP30 (where TDP is the thermal dissipation probe) to measure hourly and daily variations in the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron at three age-classes (10, 15, and 20 years old, which were denoted as H10, H15, and H20, respectively) in the Minqin oasis-desert transition zone, China, from May through October 2020. By simultaneously monitoring temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation, wind speed, net radiation, rainfall, and soil moisture in this region, we comprehensively investigated the stem sap flow velocity of different-aged H. ammodendron plants (H10, H15, and H20) and revealed its response to physical factors. The results showed that, on sunny days, the hourly variation curves of the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron plants at the three age-classes were mainly unimodal. In addition, the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron plants decreased significantly from September to October, which also delayed its peak time of hourly variation. On rainy days, the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron plants was multimodal and significantly lower than that on sunny days. Average daily water consumption of H. ammodendron plants at H10, H15, and H20 was 1.98, 2.82, and 1.91 kg/d, respectively. Temperature was the key factor affecting the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron at all age-classes. Net radiation was the critical factor influencing the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron at H10 and H15; however, for that at H20, it was vapor pressure deficit. The stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron was highly significantly correlated with soil moisture at the soil depths of 50 and 100 cm, and the correlation was strengthened with increasing stand age. Altogether, our results revealed the dynamic changes of the stem sap flow velocity in different-aged H. ammodendron forest stands and its response mechanism to local physical factors, which provided a theoretical basis for the construction of new protective forests as well as the restoration and protection of existing ones in this region and other similar arid regions in the world.

Key words： Haloxylon ammodendron      stem sap flow      stand age      soil moisture      water consumption      Minqin oasis-desert transition zone     
Received: 01 December 2022      Published: 31 July 2023
Corresponding Authors: *ZHANG Jinchun (E-mail: junchunzhang@163.com)
Service
E-mail this article
Add to my bookshelf
Add to citation manager
E-mail Alert
RSS
Articles by authors
QIANG Yuquan
ZHANG Jinchun
XU Xianying
LIU Hujun
DUAN Xiaofeng
Cite this article:

QIANG Yuquan, ZHANG Jinchun, XU Xianying, LIU Hujun, DUAN Xiaofeng. Stem sap flow of Haloxylon ammodendron at different ages and its response to physical factors in the Minqin oasis-desert transition zone, China. Journal of Arid Land, 2023, 15(7): 842-857.

URL:

http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-023-0060-1     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2023/V15/I7/842

Fig. 1 Overview of the Minqin oasis-desert transition zone at the southeastern edge of the Badain Jaran Desert and locations of sampled H. ammodendron forest stands as well as the field photos of H10 (b), H15 (c) and H20 (d). H10, H15, and H20 are H. ammodendron forest stands with different afforestation ages of 10, 15, and 20 years old, respectively. The Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS images were downloaded from Geospatial Data Cloud.
Forest stand No. of the individual Probe model Plant height
(cm)		 Stem ground diameter
(cm)		 Canopy diameter (N×S)
(cm×cm)		 Stand density
(plants/hm2)		 Soil moisture
at 0-100 cm depth
(%)
H10 S1 TDP30 130 3.27 135×105 853.00±172.57 2.00±1.19
S2 TDP30 170 3.41 165×150
S3 TDP30 165 3.72 160×140
S4 TDP30 170 3.81 150×155
H15 S1 TDP30 250 5.08 260×190 88.00±162.86 2.90±1.45
S2 TDP30 290 5.33 230×280
S3 TDP30 290 5.85 300×290
S4 TDP30 380 7.85 385×370
H20 S1 TDP30 222 8.49 205×140 46.00±247.09 2.03±1.42
S2 TDP30 310 8.86 155×180
S3 TDP30 280 9.13 210×195
S4 TDP30 251 9.54 251×147
Table 1 Basic information of the sampled Haloxylon ammodendron at different ages (H10, H15, and H20)
Fig. 2 Dynamics of seven meteorological factors during the growing season (from 1 May to 31 October) of 2020. (a), temperature; (b), relative humidity (RH); (c), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); (d) wind speed; (e), vapor pressure deficit (VPD); (f), surface net radiation (Rn); (g), rainfall.
Fig. 3 Hourly dynamics in the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron at different ages (H10, H15, and H20) on sunny days of 20 May (a), 17 June (b), 15 July (c), 20 August (d), 16 September (e), and 21 October (f). Bars mean standard errors.
Fig. 4 Hourly dynamics in the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron at different ages (H10, H15, and H20) on rainy days of 26 May (a), 20 June (b), 10 July (c), and 24 August (d).
Fig. 5 Daily dynamics in the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron at different ages (H10, H15, and H20) during the growing season from 1 May to 31 October. (a), H10; (b) H15; (c), H20.
Fig. 6 Variations in the average daily water consumption of H. ammodendron at different ages (H10, H15, and H20) in each month of the growing season (from May to October) as well as the total water consumption. AV is the average daily water consumption averaged throughout the growing season, and TWC is the total water consumption throughout the growing season. In the analysis of variance, different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05 level among the H. ammodendron at different ages for the same period. Bars mean standard errors.
Forest stand Variable N Cronbach's Alpha KMO
H10 Meteorological factors 5 0.716 0.784
H15 Meteorological factors 5 0.803 0.722
H20 Meteorological factors 5 0.701 0.677
Table 2 Reliability and validity test statistics of sample data for the structural equation model (SEM) for H. ammodendron at different ages (H10, H15, and H20)
Fig. 7 Path diagram of the structural equation model (SEM) showing the response of the stem flow velocity of H. ammodendron to meteorological factors during the growing season. ** indicates statistically significant correlation at P<0.01 level; * indicates statistically significant correlation at P<0.05 level; e1 to e6 represent residual variables; the number 1 represents the factor load; the value in parentheses represents the root mean square of the residuals ; the variable pointed by the arrow is an endogenous variable.
Criterion layer Index layer Weight
H10 H15 H20
Meteorological factors Temperature 0.300 0.277 0.284
RH 0.143 0.149 0.116
Rn 0.214 0.229 0.202
Wind speed 0.151 0.162 0.152
VPD 0.192 0.183 0.246
Table 3 Calculation results of the meteorological factors' weights for H. ammodendron at different ages (H10, H15, and H20)
Forest stand Weather Temperature RH Rn VPD Wind speed
Stem sap flow velocity H10 Sunny days 0.728** -0.755** 0.812** -0.745** 0.517**
Rainy days 0.329 -0.518** 0.523** -0.547** 0.451**
H15 Sunny days 0.625** -0.691** 0.665** -0.769** 0.646**
Rainy days 0.437* -0.457** 0.417** -0.542** 0.648**
H20 Sunny days 0.553** -0.517* 0.676** -0.684** 0.531**
Rainy days 0.409* -0.423** 0.551** -0.453** 0.515**
Table 4 Correlation analysis of hourly-scale stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron at different ages (H10, H15, and H20) and meteorological factors
Stem sap flow velocity
Sunny days Rainy days
H10 H15 H20 H10 H15 H20
Soil moisture 5 cm 0.012 -0.158 0.162 0.243 0.216 0.284
20 cm -0.049 -0.237 0.109 0.182 0.155 0.171
50 cm -0.760** -0.523** -0.429** 0.291 0.227 0.174
100 cm 0.736** 0.674** 0.589** 0.194 0.215 0.248
Table 5 Correlation analysis between the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron at different ages (H10, H15, and H20) and soil moisture at different depths
H. ammodendron
type		 Monitoring time Place Method Diameter
(cm)		 Daily water consumption (kg/d) Total water consumption (kg) Reference
Native April to September Gurbantunggut Desert,
China		 HPV 7.80-9.00 2.50-4.60 400-500 Sun et al. (2010)
Native June to November Badain Jaran Desert,
China		 TMD 9.90-13.66 2.50-4.61 400-501 Zhang et al. (2017)
Native May to September Gurbantunggut Desert,
China		 TMD 4.55-9.55 2.50-4.62 400-502 Li et al. (2017)
Artificial May to September Ulan Buhe Desert,
China		 TMD 7.00-12.50 2.50-4.63 400-503 Huang et al. (2020)
Artificial June to September Shihezi University Agricultural testing ground, China TMD 15.70-21.50 2.50-4.64 400-504 Yang et al. (2018)
Table 6 Comparison of the water consumption of H. ammodendron plants studied in the different regions
[1]   Cao L, Nie Z L, Liu M, et al. 2021. The ecological relationship of groundwater-soil-vegetation in the oasis-desert transition zone of the Shiyang River Basin. Water, 13(12): 1642, doi: 10.3390/w13121642.
doi: 10.3390/w13121642
[2]   Cao X M, Chen X, Wang J L. 2013. Transpiration and water consumption characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron under non irrigation conditions in the southern edge of Gurbantunggut. Arid Land Geography, 36(2): 292-302. (in Chinese)
[3]   Chang Z F, Zhao M, Liu H J. 2007. Study on dynamic characteristics of desert ecological degradation in Minqin. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 23(11): 333-338. (in Chinese)
[4]   Ding A Q. 2018. Study on vegetation community and soil characteristics of degraded Tamarix shrub sand pile in Minqin Oasis-Desert transition zone. MSc Thesis. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry. (in Chinese)
[5]   Dong M. 2013. Physiological study on drought and salt tolerance of main tree species in Qaidam area. MSc Thesis. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University. (in Chinese)
[6]   Gao H J, Lü X P, Ren W, et al. 2020. HaASR1 gene cloned from a desert shrub, Haloxylon ammodendron, confers drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 180: 104251, doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104251.
doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104251
[7]   Granier A. 1987. Sap flow measurements in Douglas-fir tree trunks by means of a new thermal method. Annales des Sciences Forestières, 44(1): 1-14. (in French)
doi: 10.1051/forest:19870101
[8]   Guo S J, Yang Z H, Wang D Z, et al. 2016. Distribution characteristics of aeolian dust near Qingtu Lake in the lower reaches of Shiyang River. Arid Land Geography, 39(6): 1255-1262. (in Chinese)
[9]   He A L, Niu S Q, Zhao Q, et al. 2018. Induced salt tolerance of perennial ryegrass by a novel bacterium strain from the rhizosphere of a desert shrub Haloxylon ammodendron. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(2): 469, doi: 10.3390/ijms19020469.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19020469
[10]   Hu D, Lü G H, Qie Y D, et al. 2021. Response of morphological characters and photosynthetic characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron to water and salt stress. Sustainability, 13(1): 388, doi: 10.3390/su13010388.
doi: 10.3390/su13010388
[11]   Huang Y R, Xin Z M, Li Y H, et al. 2020. Seasonal variation of stem sap flow of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron in Ulanbuhe Desert and its relationship with meteorological factors. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 44(06): 131-139. (in Chinese)
[12]   Jia T Y. 2020. Study on transpiration water consumption law and scale effect of shrub semi shrub tree in Horqin sandy land. MSc Thesis. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
[13]   Jiang X J., Liu W J, Chen C F, et al. 2018. Effects of three morphometric features of roots on soil water flow behavior in three sites in China. Geoderma, 320: 161-171.
doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.01.035
[14]   Li H, Hu S J, Zhu H, et al. 2017. Study on sap flow characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron stem based on thermal diffusion technology. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 37(21): 7187-7196. (in Chinese)
[15]   Li Y Y, Ma X L, Zhao J L, et al. 2015. Developmental genetic mechanisms of C4 syndrome based on transcriptome analysis of C3 cotyledons and C4 assimilating shoots in Haloxylon ammodendron. PLoS ONE, 10(2): e0117175, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117175.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117175
[16]   Liu P F, Guo H, Xin Z M. 2021. The relationship between the stem sap flow of Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn. and environmental factors in Ulan Buh Desert. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 35(09): 177-184. (in Chinese)
[17]   Liu Y Z, Zeng Y, Yang Y H, et al. 2022. Competition, spatial pattern, and regeneration of Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum communities in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwest China. Journal of Arid Land, 14(10): 1138-1158.
doi: 10.1007/s40333-022-0105-x
[18]   Lu J Q, Zhang X F, Liang S M, et al. 2023. Spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation index in an oasis-desert transition zone and relationship with environmental factors. Sustainability, 15(4): 3503, doi: 10.3390/su15043503.
doi: 10.3390/su15043503
[19]   Luo Q H, Chen Q M, Ning H S, et al. 2017. Chronosequence-based population structure and natural regeneration of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwestern China. Russian Journal of Ecology, 48(4): 364-371.
doi: 10.1134/S1067413617040130
[20]   Lü X P, Gao H J, Zhang L, et al. 2019. Dynamic responses of Haloxylon ammodendron to various degrees of simulated drought stress. Plant Physiol Bioch, 139: 121-131.
doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.019
[21]   Ma C S, Gu Z D, Li J J, et al. 2012. Occurrence types and control countermeasures of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in arid desert area in the lower reaches of Shiyang River. Gansu Forestry Science and Technology, 37(3): 36-39. (in Chinese)
[22]   Mahdavi S M, Latifi M, Asadi M, et al. 2022. A new species of Augeriflechtmannia (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) from Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) in Iran and a key to the world species. Acarologia, 62(4): 898-907.
doi: 10.24349/4ry0-lfqd
[23]   Ning T T, Li Z, Feng Q, et al. 2020. Effects of forest cover change on catchment evapotranspiration variation in China. Hydrological Processes, 34(10): 2219-2228.
doi: 10.1002/hyp.v34.10
[24]   Pan X L. 2000. Thoughts on the study of ecological environment evolution and regulation in arid areas in western China. World Science and Technology Research and Development, 22(3): 57-60. (in Chinese)
[25]   Poyatos R, Granda V, Flo V, et al. 2021. Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database. Earth System Science Data, 13(6): 2607-2649.
[26]   Song C W, Li C J, Halik Ü, et al. 2021. Spatial distribution and structural characteristics for Haloxylon ammodendron plantation on the southwestern edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert. Forests, 12(5): 633, doi: 10.3390/f12050633.
doi: 10.3390/f12050633
[27]   Sun P F, Zhou H F, Li Y, et al. 2010. Sap flow and water consumption of native Haloxylon ammodendron in Gurbantunggut Desert. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30(24): 6901-6909. (in Chinese)
[28]   Sun W, Chou C P, Stacy A W, et al. 2007. SAS and SPSS macros to calculate standardized Cronbach's alpha using the upper bound of the phi coefficient for dichotomous items. Behavior Research Methods, 39(1): 71-81.
pmid: 17552473
[29]   Thomas F M, Foetzki A, Arndt S K, et al. 2006. Water use by perennial plants in the transition zone between river oasis and desert in NW China. Basic and Applied Ecology, 7(3): 253-267.
doi: 10.1016/j.baae.2005.07.008
[30]   Wang W H, Chen Y N, Wang W R, et al. 2023. Water quality and interaction between groundwater and surface water impacted by agricultural activities in an oasis-desert region. Journal of Hydrology, 617: 128937, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128937.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128937
[31]   Wang Y, Li C, Li A D, et al. 2015. Relationship between degradation of Nitraria repens and soil moisture. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35(5): 1407-1421. (in Chinese)
[32]   Xia G M, Sun Y Y, Wang W Z, et al. 2019. "Hanfu" apple tree stem flow characteristics and its response to environmental factors. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 52(04): 701-714. (in Chinese)
[33]   Xia Y H, Liang F C, Shi Q D, et al. 2014. Study on transpiration water consumption of Haloxylon ammodendron native desert vegetation in artificial carbon sink forest in western Junggar. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 42(33): 11755-11759. (in Chinese)
[34]   Xu G Q, Mi X J, Ma J, et al. 2021. Impact of groundwater depth on hydraulic performance and growth of Haloxylon ammodendron in a desert region of central Asia. Ecohydrology, 15(5): e2394, doi: 10.1002/eco.2394.
doi: 10.1002/eco.2394
[35]   Yang J X, Zhao J, Zhu G F, et al. 2020. Soil salinization in the oasis areas of downstream inland rivers—Case study: Minqin oasis. Quaternary International, 537: 69-78.
doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.01.001
[36]   Yang M J, Yang G, He X L, et al. 2018. Stem sap flow characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron in arid area and its response to soil moisture. Yangtze River, 49(6): 33-38. (in Chinese)
[37]   Yue Y M, Li C H, Xu Z, et al. 2020. Variation characteristics of canopy nutrients of Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum during rainfall in Gurbantunggut. Arid Zone Research, 37(5): 1293-1300. (in Chinese)
[38]   Zhang K, Su Y Z, Liu T N, et al. 2016. Leaf C: N: P stoichiometrical and morphological traits of Haloxylon ammodendron over plantation age sequences in an oasis-desert ecotone in North China. Ecological Research, 31(3): 449-457.
doi: 10.1007/s11284-016-1353-z
[39]   Zhang Q D, Liu W, Bai B, et al. 2019. Study on ecological characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation at different forest ages in yiliangtan Minqin. Protection Forest Science and Technology, (11): 14-16. (in Chinese)
[40]   Zhang W L, Zhao P, Zhu S J, et al. 2021. Seasonal variation of water use strategy of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron in the lower reaches of Shiyang River. Pratacultural Science, 38(05): 880-889.
[41]   Zhang X Y, Chu J M, Meng P, et al. 2016. Effects of environmental factors on evapotranspiration characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Minqin oasis-desert ecotone, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 27(8): 2390-2400. (in Chinese)
[42]   Zhang X Y, Chu J M, Meng P, et al. 2017. Stem sap flow characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A. Mey) Bunge in Minqin Oasis-Desert transition zone and its response to environmental factors. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 37(5): 1525-1536. (in Chinese)
[43]   Zhao P, Xu X Y, Qu J J, et al. 2017. Relationship between artificial Haloxylon ammodendron community and soil and water factors in Minqin Oasis-Desert transition zone. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 37(5): 1496-1505. (in Chinese)
[44]   Zhao W Y, Ji X B, Jin B W, et al. 2023. Experimental partitioning of rainfall into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss by Haloxylon ammodendron, a dominant sand-stabilizing shrub in northwestern China. Science of The Total Environment, 858: 159928, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159928.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159928
[45]   Zheng C L, Wang Q. 2015. Seasonal and annual variation in transpiration of a dominant desert species, Haloxylon ammodendron, in Central Asia up-scaled from sap flow measurement. Ecohydrology, 8(5): 948-960.
doi: 10.1002/eco.1547
[46]   Zhou H, Zhao W Z, Zhang G F. 2017. Varying water utilization of Haloxylon ammodendron plantations in a desert‐oasis ecotone. Hydrol Processes, 31(4):825-835.
doi: 10.1002/hyp.11060
[47]   Zhu Y J, Jia Z Q. 2011. Soil water utilization characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation with different age during summer. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(6): 341-346.
doi: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2011.09.004
[1] ZHANG Hui, Giri R KATTEL, WANG Guojie, CHUAI Xiaowei, ZHANG Yuyang, MIAO Lijuan. Enhanced soil moisture improves vegetation growth in an arid grassland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2023, 15(7): 871-885.
[2] Khouloud ZAGOUB, Khouloud KRICHEN, Mohamed CHAIEB, Lobna F MNIF. Morphological and physiological responses to drought stress of carob trees in Mediterranean ecosystems[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2023, 15(5): 562-577.
[3] Mohsen SHARAFATMANDRAD, Azam KHOSRAVI MASHIZI. Evaluation of restoration success in arid rangelands of Iran based on the variation of ecosystem services[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2023, 15(11): 1290-1314.
[4] WANG Yuxia, ZHANG Jing, YU Xiaojun. Effects of mulch and planting methods on Medicago ruthenica seed yield and soil physical-chemical properties[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2022, 14(8): 894-909.
[5] LIU Yaxuan, ZENG Yong, YANG Yuhui, WANG Ning, LIANG Yuejia. Competition, spatial pattern, and regeneration of Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum communities in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwest China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2022, 14(10): 1138-1158.
[6] LI Cheng, WANG Qingsong, LUO Shuai, QUAN Hao, WANG Naijiang, LUO Xiaoqi, ZHANG Tibin, DING Dianyuan, DONG Qin'ge, FENG Hao. Reducing water and nitrogen inputs combined with plastic mulched ridge-furrow irrigation improves soil water and salt status in arid saline areas, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2021, 13(8): 761-776.
[7] PEI Yanwu, HUANG Laiming, SHAO Ming'an, ZHANG Yinglong. Responses of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. in the sandy and loamy soils to water stress[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2020, 12(5): 791-805.
[8] ZHANG Chaobo, LIU Yating, LIU Pengchong, JIANG Jing, YANG Qihong. Untangling the influence of soil moisture on root pullout property of alfafa plant[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2020, 12(4): 666-675.
[9] ZHANG Pei, DENG Mingjiang, LONG Aihua, DENG Xiaoya, WANG Hao, HAI Yang, WANG Jie, LIU Yundong. Coupling analysis of social-economic water consumption and its effects on the arid environments in Xinjiang of China based on the water and ecological footprints[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2020, 12(1): 73-89.
[10] Hai ZHU, Shunjun HU, Jingsong YANG, KARAMAGE Fidele, Hao LI, Sihua FU. Spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture in a fixed dune at the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2019, 11(5): 685-700.
[11] Xifeng ZHANG, Xin JIN, Xiao BAI, Yanbin JIANG, Chansheng HE. Impacts of water resource planning on regional water consumption pattern: A case study in Dunhuang Oasis, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2019, 11(5): 713-728.
[12] Qingyin ZHANG, Xiaoxu JIA, Chunlei ZHAO, Ming'an SHAO. Revegetation with artificial plants improves topsoil hydrological properties but intensifies deep-soil drying in northern Loess Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2018, 10(3): 335-346.
[13] Minhua YIN, Yuannong LI, Yuanbo XU, Changming ZHOU. Effects of mulches on water use in a winter wheat/summer maize rotation systemin Loess Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2018, 10(2): 277-291.
[14] Hui TIAN, IQBAL Mudassar. Utilizing a new soil effective temperature scheme and archived satellite microwave brightness temperature data to estimate surface soil moisture in the Nagqu region, Tibetan Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2018, 10(1): 84-100.
[15] Yuchen WANG, Zhengfu BIAN, Shaogang LEI, Yu ZHANG. Investigating spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture content in an arid mining area using an improved thermal inertia model[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2017, 9(5): 712-726.