| Orginal Article |
|
|
|
|
| aloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) fruit development delay caused by post-flowering non-inductive photoperiod |
Cai REN1, Tian YU2, Guanghang QU1, Shuang WANG1, Ze WANG3, MIJITI Abudoukeyumu3, Hua ZHANG3, Lin MA3, Xiaoling HE1, Hao MA1,3,*( ) |
1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2 Urumqi County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Urumqi 830011, China
3 Desert Research Institute in the Arid Region, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China |
|
|
|
Abstract Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) is one of the economically and ecologically important desert trees used for sand fixation. The ovary of H. ammodendron is found not to swell after flowering in spring until at the end of August or early September in western China. However, what happens for ovary at anatomic level in that period and which crucial ecological factor regulates the phenomenon of H. ammodendron have not been fully understood. To characterize the phenomenon and explore the crucial environmental regulating factors, we carried out the morphological and anatomic observations at the different development stages of the fruits and three single-factor experiments (low air temperature, sufficient soil moisture, and short day length). Our results showed that under the natural conditions, the ovary of H. ammodendron after flowering developed slowly and the morphological changes of fruits were not significant for the period from May to August and after late August or early September; and then the ovary developed rapidly and matured in October. Cell division in embryo was observed to start approximately 25 days after flowering (DAF) and just developed to globular embryo stage at mid-August. Photoperiod was identified as the pivotal environmental factor regulating the fruit development of H. ammodendron. Moreover, the threshold value of day length for the fruit development was 14.0 h. A long day (>14.0 h) treatment began from 5 DAF could delay fruit development of H. ammodendron while a short day (<14.0 h) treatment could accelerate it. Moreover, a further longer day treatment (>15.0 h) could also delay fruit development even when they had developed for a long time (110 DAF). The present study indicated that H. ammodendron adopted a reproductive strategy of delayed fruit development and this strategy helps it survive and obtain offspring in harsh desert habitats.
|
|
Received: 24 July 2016
Published: 10 May 2017
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
|
| Cite this article:
Cai REN, Tian YU, Guanghang QU, Shuang WANG, Ze WANG, MIJITI Abudoukeyumu, Hua ZHANG, Lin MA, Xiaoling HE, Hao MA. aloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) fruit development delay caused by post-flowering non-inductive photoperiod. Journal of Arid Land, 2017, 9(3): 408-418.
URL:
http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-017-0093-4 OR http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2017/V9/I3/408
|
|
|
| [1] | Brock M A.1983. Reproductive allocation in annual and perennial species of the submerged aquatic halophyte Ruppia. The Journal of Ecology, 71(3): 811-818. | | [2] | Cheng L R, Wang Y, Wang C B, et al.2011. Genetic analysis and QTL detection of reproductive period and post-?owering photoperiod responses in soybean. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 123(3): 421-429. | | [3] | Fornara F, de Montaigu A, Coupland G. 2011. SnapShot: Control of flowering in Arabidopsis. Cell (. | | [4] | Garner W W, Allard H A.1920. Effect of the relative length of day and night and other factors of the environment on growth and reproduction in plants. Journal of Agricultural Research, 18: 553-606. | | [5] | Glover B J.2007. The autonomous pathways for floral inhibition and induction. In: Glover B J. Understanding Flowers and Flowering.Oxford:Oxford University Press, 35-43. | | [6] | Guo Q S, Cong Z F, Wang C L.2009. Ecological Studies of Haloxylon and Cistanche deserticola. Beijing: Science Press, 14. (in Chinese) | | [7] | Han F G, Xu X Y, Yu Q S, et al.2015. Responds of reproductive phenology of typical sand-fix plants to climate change in the oasis-desert transitional zone in Minqin, Gansu, China. Journal of Desert Research, 35(2): 330-337. (in Chinese) | | [8] | Han T F, Wu C X, Tong Z, et al.2006. Postflowering photoperiod regulates vegetative growth and reproductive development of soybean. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 55(1-2): 120-129. | | [9] | Han T F.2007. Photoperiodism in soybean. In: Wang J L, Guo Q Y. Contemporary Soybean Research in China.Beijing:Jindun Press, 211-220. (in Chinese) | | [10] | Hayama R, Coupland G.2004. The molecular basis of diversity in the photoperiodic flowering responses of Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Physiology, 135(2): 677-684. | | [11] | Hu S Y.2005. Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 204-226. (in Chinese) | | [12] | Jiang J F, Liang C H, Yang H, et al.2017. Influence of temperature and precipitation on phenology of desert plant Haloxylon ammodendron and Cornulaca alaschanica in recent ten years. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 31(2): 141-146. (in Chinese) | | [13] | Jiang Y, Wu C X, Zhang L X, et al.2011. Long-day effects on the terminal in?orescence development of a photoperiod-sensitive soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] variety. Plant Science, 180(3): 504-510. | | [14] | Johri B M, Srivastava P S.2001. Reproductive Biology of Plants. Berlin: Springer, 256. | | [15] | Lang G A.1987. Dormancy: A new universal terminology. Hortscience, 122(5): 817-820. | | [16] | Li H P.2009. Plant Microtechnique (2nd ed.). Beijing: Science Press, 9-47 (in Chinese) | | [17] | Li J, Zhao C Y, Song Y J, et al.2010. Spatial patterns of desert annuals in relation to shrub effects on soil moisture. Journal of Vegetation Science, 21(2): 221-232. | | [18] | Lu J J, Tan D Y, Baskin J M, et al.2010. Fruit and seed heteromorphism in the cold desert annual ephemeral Diptychocarpus strictus (Brassicaceae) and possible adaptive significance. Annals of Botany, 105(6): 999-1014. | | [19] | Ma H, Wang Y F, Cao R.2004. Study on embryology of Haloxylon ammodendron I. Preliminary observation on microsporogenesis and formation of male gametophytes and apomixis in megasporogenesis. Journal of Desert Research, 24(6): 768-772. (in Chinese) | | [20] | Morandi E N, Casano L M, Reggiardo L M.1988. Post-flowering photoperiodic effect on reproductive efficiency and seed growth in soybean. Field Crop Research, 18(4): 227-241. | | [21] | Pyankov V I, Black C C Jr, Artyusheva E G, et al.1999. Features of photosynthesis in Haloxylon species of Chenopodiaceae that are dominant plants in Central Asian deserts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 40(2): 125-134. | | [22] | Quan D J.2012. The life-history strategies of several Chenopodiaceae annuals. MSc Thesis. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 18-27. (in Chinese) | | [23] | Quesada V, Macknight R, Dean C, et al.2003. Autoregulation of FCA pre-mRNA processing controls Arabidopsis flowering time. The EMBO Journal, 22(12): 3142-3152. | | [24] | Shamsutdinov Z S, Ubaidullaev S R.1988. Distribution of poa bulbosa l. and carex pachystylis gay in the limits of phytogenous field of haloxylon aphyllum. Problems of Desert Development, 1: 38-43. | | [25] | Sheng J H, Liu H Y, Pan D Z, et al.2003. Study on phonological phases of Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge. Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology, 5(3): 60-63. (in Chinese) | | [26] | Sheng Y, Zheng W H, Pei K Q, et al.2005. Genetic variation within and among populations of a dominant desert tree Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) in China. Annals of Botany, 96(2): 245-252. | | [27] | Shi W, Zhao Y F, Pan B R, et al.2014. Phenological behaviour of desert plants in response to temperature change: A case study from Turpan eremophytes Botanical Garden, northwest China. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46(5): 1601-1609. | | [28] | Su P X, Cheng G D, Yan Q D, et al.2007. Photosynthetic regulation of C4 desert plant Haloxylon ammodendron under drought stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 51(2): 139-147. | | [29] | Tobe K, Li X M, Omasa K.2000. Effects of sodium chloride on seed germination and growth of two Chinese desert shrubs, Haloxylon ammodendron and H. persicum (Chenopodiaceae). Australian Journal of Botany, 48(4): 455-460. | | [30] | Tursunov Z, Matyunina T E, Kiseleva G K, et al.1989. Seed reproduction of the main forest-forming species of the central Asian deserts. Problems of Desert Development, 2: 53-57. | | [31] | Wang J W.2014. Regulation of flowering time by the miR156-mediated age pathway. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65(17): 4723-4730. | | [32] | Wang X M, Yang D Y, Tian Y Z, et al.2009. Genetic relationship between parasitized and non-parasitized Haloxylon ammodendron in the Alxa Desert. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 47(3): 255-262. | | [33] | Wei Y, Wang X Y.2006. Role of winged perianth in germination of Haloxylon (Chenopodiaceae) seeds. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26(12): 4014-4018. (in Chinese) | | [34] | Xu H, Li Y, Xu G Q, et al.2007. Ecophysiological response and morphological adjustment of two Central Asian desert shrubs towards variation in summer precipitation. Plant, Cell & Environment, 30(4): 399-409. | | [35] | Yan C, Wei Y, Yang M L.2011. Comparative germination of Tamarix ramosissima spring and summer seeds. EXCLI Journal, 10: 198-204. | | [36] | Yang W B, Feng W, Jia Z Q, et al.2014. Soil water threshold for the growth of Haloxylon ammodendron in the Ulan Buh desert in arid northwest China. South African Journal of Botany, 92: 53-58. | | [37] | Yu T.2012. Study on H. ammodendron for response to land surface temperature stress, pivotal control factor of reproductive dormancy after flowering, technology of artificial regeneration plantations using simple protective device to resist stress. PhD Dissertation. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 111-112. (in Chinese) | | [38] | Yu T, Ren C, Zhang J P, et al.2012. Effect of high desert surface layer temperature stress on Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge. Flora, 207(8): 572-580. | | [39] | Zhang L Y.2002. Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge and H. Persicum Bunge ex Boiss in Xinjiang desert. Plants, (4): 4-6. (in Chinese) | | [40] | Zhang M, Zhu J X, Wang L, et al.2016. Progress of stress-induced flowering in plants. Chinese Journal of Biotechnology, 32(10): 1301-1308. (in Chinese) | | [41] | Zhang Y M, Chen J, Wang L, et al.2007. The spatial distribution patterns of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northern Xinjiang, China. Journal of Arid Environments, 68(4): 599-610. | | [42] | Zhang Z X.2008. Dendrology (2nd ed.). Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 53-55. (in Chinese) |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
