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Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2025, Vol. 17 Issue (1): 112-129    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-025-0001-2     CSTR: 32276.14.JAL.02500012
Research article     
Spatiotemporal variations of tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the Gobi desert, Northwest China
REN Jialong1,2, ZHAO Wenzhi2, HE Zhibin2, WANG Yongzhen2, FENG Yilin3, NIU Yiping4, XIN Weidong1, PAN Chengchen2, LIU Jiliang2,*()
1College of Geographic Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
2Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
3Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
4Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Baoding 071002, China
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Abstract  

Tenebrionid beetles represent a crucial arthropod taxon in the Gobi desert ecosystems owing to their species richness and high biomass, both of which are essential for maintaining ecosystem health and stability. However, the spatiotemporal variations of tenebrionid beetle assemblages in the Gobi desert remain poorly understood. In this study, the monthly dynamics of tenebrionid beetles in the central part of the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China, a representative area of the Gobi desert ecosystems, were monitored using pitfall trapping during 2015-2020. The following results were showed: (1) monthly activity of tenebrionid beetles was observed from March to October, with monthly activity peaking in spring and summer, and monthly activity periods and peak of tenebrionid beetle species exhibited interspecific differences that varied from year to year; (2) spatial distribution of tenebrionid beetle community was influenced by structural factors. Specifically, at a spatial scale of 24.00 m, tenebrionid beetle community was strongly and positively correlated with the dominant species, with distinct spatial distribution patterns observed for Blaps gobiensis and Microdera kraatzi alashanica; (3) abundance of tenebrionid beetles was positively correlated with monthly mean precipitation and monthly mean temperature, whereas monthly abundance of B. gobiensis and M. kraatzi alashanica was positively correlated with monthly mean precipitation; and (4) the cover of Reaumuria soongarica (Pall.) Maxim. and Nitraria sphaerocarpa Maxim. had a positive influence on the number of tenebrionid beetles captured. In conclusion, monthly variation in precipitation significantly influences the community dynamic of tenebrionid beetles, with precipitation and shrub cover jointly determining the spatial distribution pattern of these beetles in the Gobi desert ecosystems.

Key words： Gobi desert      precipitation change      tenebrionid beetles      temporal dynamics      spatial pattern     
Received: 18 June 2024      Published: 31 January 2025
Corresponding Authors: *LIU Jiliang (E-mail: liujl707@lzb.ac.cn)
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REN Jialong
ZHAO Wenzhi
HE Zhibin
WANG Yongzhen
FENG Yilin
NIU Yiping
XIN Weidong
PAN Chengchen
LIU Jiliang
Cite this article:

REN Jialong, ZHAO Wenzhi, HE Zhibin, WANG Yongzhen, FENG Yilin, NIU Yiping, XIN Weidong, PAN Chengchen, LIU Jiliang. Spatiotemporal variations of tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the Gobi desert, Northwest China. Journal of Arid Land, 2025, 17(1): 112-129.

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http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-025-0001-2     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2025/V17/I1/112

Fig. 1 Monthly mean precipitation (MAP) and monthly mean temperature (MAT) changes in the Gobi desert from January to December during 2011-2020
Tenebrionid beetles Number of individuals Relative abundance (%) Feeding type Body size Period of activity
Anatolica potanini 82 0.69 Omnivore Middle Day
Anatolica sternalis 1108 9.28 Omnivore Middle Day
Blaps gobiensis 4566 38.24 Omnivore Large Night
Cyphogenia chinensis 193 1.62 Omnivore Large Night
Microdera kraatzi alashanica 4743 39.72 Omnivore Small Night
Platyope victori 2 0.02 Omnivore Middle Day
Pterocoma loczyi 875 7.33 Omnivore Middle Day
Sternotrigon kraatzi 372 3.12 Omnivore Large Night
Table 1 Number of individuals and species composition of tenebrionid beetles captured during 2015-2020 in the Gobi desert, Northwest China
Fig. 2 Abundance of 8 tenebrionid beetle species captured from March 2015 to October 2020 in the Gobi desert, Northwest China. (a), Anatolica sternalis; (b), Anatolica potanini; (c), Blaps gobiensis; (d), Cyphogenia chinensis; (e), Platyope victori; (f), Pterocoma loczyi; (g), Microdera kraatzi alashanica; (h), Sternotrigon kraatzi. Bars are standard errors.
Group Model Nugget Sill Range (m) SH (%)
Tenebrionid beetle community
2015 Gau 0.08 2.15 11.78 96.20
2016 Exp 0.04 0.42 19.08 89.30
2017 Exp 0.02 0.34 16.41 92.40
2018 Exp 0.00 0.16 21.27 99.10
2019 Sph 0.01 0.11 9.54 96.50
2020 Gau 0.01 0.16 11.76 91.30
Tenebrionid beetle species
Blaps gobiensis
2015 Sph 0.10 2.59 12.18 96.30
2016 Exp 0.75 2.63 22.26 71.50
2017 Sph 0.00 1.54 12.75 100.00
2018 Sph 0.10 0.79 12.68 87.60
2019 Sph 0.08 1.15 14.41 93.10
2020 Exp 0.09 0.70 13.98 87.80
Microdera kraatzi alashanica
2015 Sph 0.00 1.51 9.54 100.00
2016 Sph 0.00 1.50 9.54 100.00
2017 Exp 0.12 2.69 13.14 95.50
2018 Exp 0.10 0.82 25.50 88.20
2019 Exp 0.19 1.59 8.76 88.20
2020 Exp 0.10 1.11 12.48 90.70
Table 2 Results of semi-variance analysis on the community abundance and dominant species of tenebrionid beetles during 2015-2020 in the Gobi desert, Northwest China
Fig. 3 Kriging map of annual abundance of tenebrionid beetles during 2015-2020 in the Gobi desert, Northwest China. (a), 2015; (b), 2016; (c), 2017; (d), 2018; (e), 2019; (f), 2020.
Fig. 4 Moran's I value of annual abundance of tenebrionid beetles during 2015-2020 in the Gobi desert, Northwest China. (a), 2015; (b), 2016; (c), 2017; (d), 2018; (e), 2019; (f), 2020. *, P<0.05 level; **, P<0.01 level. Bars are standard errors.
Index Mean precipitation Mean temperature
Annual Monthly Annual Monthly
r P r P r P r P
Tenebrionid beetle community
Activity density 0.66 0.156 0.31 0.031 -0.16 0.763 0.47 <0.001
Species richness 0.00 1.000 0.25 0.082 -0.15 0.781 0.43 0.002
Tenebrionid beetle species
B. gobiensis 0.59 0.216 -0.49 <0.001 -0.09 0.872 0.46 <0.001
M. kraatzi alashanica 0.39 0.445 0.28 0.054 0.01 0.992 0.54 <0.001
Table 3 Correlations of activity density, species richness, and tenebrionid beetles with mean precipitation and mean temperature at annual and monthly levels during 2015-2020
Index R. soongarica N. sphaerocarpa
r P r P
2015
Tenebrionid beetle community
Activity density -0.09 0.465 0.17 0.146
Species richness 0.02 0.844 0.17 0.156
Tenebrionid beetle species
B. gobiensis -0.16 0.191 0.01 0.998
M. kraatzi alashanica 0.08 0.525 0.25 0.033
2016
Tenebrionid beetle community
Activity density 0.12 0.300 0.33 0.005
Species richness 0.23 0.052 0.25 0.037
Tenebrionid beetle species
B. gobiensis 0.14 0.232 0.27 0.024
M. kraatzi alashanica 0.05 0.678 0.20 0.091
2017
Tenebrionid beetle community
Activity density 0.13 0.284 0.30 0.009
Species richness -0.08 0.494 0.12 0.315
Tenebrionid beetle species
B. gobiensis 0.14 0.250 0.31 0.008
M. kraatzi alashanica 0.08 0.482 0.14 0.256
2018
Tenebrionid beetle community
Activity density 0.31 0.007 0.05 0.689
Species richness 0.34 0.004 0.28 0.016
Tenebrionid beetle species
B. gobiensis 0.12 0.299 0.01 0.960
M. kraatzi alashanica 0.13 0.289 -0.04 0.763
2019
Tenebrionid beetle community
Activity density -0.22 0.065 0.10 0.386
Species richness -0.15 0.206 0.06 0.605
Tenebrionid beetle species
B. gobiensis 0.08 0.482 0.35 0.002
M. kraatzi alashanica -0.24 0.041 -0.12 0.321
2020
Tenebrionid beetle community
Activity density -0.12 0.313 0.14 0.256
Species richness -0.15 0.217 0.02 0.859
Tenebrionid beetle species
B. gobiensis 0.07 0.563 0.15 0.217
M. kraatzi alashanica -0.06 0.599 0.01 0.940
Table 4 Correlations of activity density, species richness, and tenebrionid beetles with covers of Reaumuria soongarica (Pall.) Maxim. and Nitraria sphaerocarpa Maxim. during 2015-2020
Tenebrionid beetles 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
NI RD (%) NI RD (%) NI RD (%) NI RD (%) NI RD (%) NI RD (%)
Anatolica potanini 12 0.80 14 0.80 18 0.80 9 0.70 18 0.70 11 0.40
Anatolica sternalis 328 21.80 138 8.20 178 7.80 76 6.00 138 5.30 250 9.70
Blaps gobiensis 804 53.40 608 36.10 1434 62.70 408 32.10 703 27.00 609 23.50
Cyphogenia chinensis 24 1.60 38 2.30 28 1.20 17 1.30 13 0.50 73 2.80
Microdera kraatzi alashanica 252 16.70 492 29.20 570 24.90 639 50.20 1592 61.20 1198 46.30
Platyope victori 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 0.10
Pterocoma loczyi 78 5.20 278 16.50 32 1.40 74 5.80 97 3.70 316 12.20
Sternotrigon kraatzi 8 0.50 118 7.00 28 1.20 50 3.90 39 1.50 129 5.00
Total individuals 1506 1686 2288 1273 2600 2588
Total species 7 7 7 7 7 8
Table S1 Number of individuals and relative abundance of tenebrionid beetles during 2015-2020 in the Gobi desert, Northwest China
Fig.S1 Comparison of abundance (a) and species richness (b) of tenebrionid beetles during 2015-2020 in the Gobi desert, Northwest China. Different lowercase letters within different years indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level. Bars are standard errors.
Fig. S2 Comparison of abundance of 8 species of tenebrionid beetles during 2015-2020 in the Gobi desert, Northwest China. (a), Anatolica sternalis; (b), Anatolica potanini; (c), Blaps gobiensis; (d), Cyphogenia chinensis; (e), Platyope victori; (f), Pterocoma loczyi; (g), Microdera kraatzi alashanica; (h), Sternotrigon kraatzi. Different lowercase letters within different years indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level. Bars are standard errors.
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