Please wait a minute...
Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2017, Vol. 9 Issue (6): 837-849    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-017-0028-0
Orginal Article     
Sand mining disturbances and their effects on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a riparian forest of Iran
MORADI BEHBAHANI Sareh1, MORADI Mostafa1,*(), BASIRI Reza1, MIRZAEI Javad2
1 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Al-Anbia University of Technology, Behbahan 6361647189, Iran
2 Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam 69315516, Iran
Download: HTML     PDF(398KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      

Abstract  

The major objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sand mining disturbances on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In addition, the proportional changes in the diversity of AMF to the distances from riverbanks were assessed. For this purpose, the riparian forest of the Maroon River, Iran was divided into three locations with a 200-meter wide zone in between. Thus, the locations studied were named Distance I (riverbank), Distance II (intermediate), and Distance III (farthest from riverbank). In each of these distances, 10 Tamarix arceuthoides and Populus euphratica of each species were randomly selected. At the same time, soil and root samples were collected from the rhizosphere of the tree species studied. Results indicated that totally 13 AMF species were observed in T. arceuthoides and 19 AMF species were recorded in P. euphratica rhizosphere belonging to 6 genera and 6 families. In these AMF species, Glomus segmentatum, G. geosporum, G. rubiforme, G. nanolumen, G. spinuliferum, Claroideoglomus drummondii, Gigaspora gigantea and Acaulospora paulinae appeared only in P. euphratica rhizosphere, while G. multiforum and Claroideoglomus claroideum were observed only in T. arceuthoides rhizosphere. Moreover, Distance II had the least AMF species both in T. arceuthoides and in P. euphratica rhizospheres, and also the least spore density and root colonization rate. Our results are important in that they provide a list of resistant AMF species that could be used in the conservation of biodiversity.

Key words： arbuscular mycorrhizal      disturbance      riparian forest      sand mining      Maroon River     
Received: 27 July 2016      Published: 20 December 2017
Corresponding Authors:
Service
E-mail this article
Add to my bookshelf
Add to citation manager
E-mail Alert
RSS
Articles by authors
MORADI BEHBAHANI Sareh
MORADI Mostafa
BASIRI Reza
MIRZAEI Javad
Cite this article:

MORADI BEHBAHANI Sareh, MORADI Mostafa, BASIRI Reza, MIRZAEI Javad. Sand mining disturbances and their effects on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a riparian forest of Iran. Journal of Arid Land, 2017, 9(6): 837-849.

URL:

http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-017-0028-0     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2017/V9/I6/837

[1] Ashraf M A, Maah M J, Yusoff L, et al.2011. Sand mining effects, causes and concerns: A case study from Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Scientific Research and Essays, 6(6): 1216-1231.
[2] Beauchamp V B, Stromberg J C, Stutz J C.2005. Interactions between Tamarix ramosissima (Saltcedar), Populus fremontii (Cottonwood), and mycorrhizal fungi: Effects on seedling growth and plant species coexistence. Plant and Soil, 275(1-2): 221-231.
[3] B?rstler B, Raab P A, Thiéry O, et al.2008. Genetic diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices as determined by mitochondrial large subunit rRNA gene sequences is considerably higher than previously expected. New Phytologist, 180(2): 452-465.
[4] Bravard J P, Goichot M, Gaillot S.2013. Geography of sand and gravel mining in the Lower Mekong River: First survey and assessment. EchoGéo, 26: 2-21.
[5] Bremner JM, Mulvaney C S.1982. Nitrogen total. In: Miller R H, Kieney D R. Method of Soil Analysis-part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Methods. Agronomy Series No. 9. American Society for Agronomy and Soil Sciences, Madison, 595-624.
[6] Browicz K.1977. Chorology of Populus euphratica Olivier. Arboretum Kórnickie, 22: 5-27.
[7] Burton M L.2006. Riparian woody plant diversity, composition, and structure across an urban-rural land use gradient in the piedmont of Georgia, US. PhD Dissertation. Alabama: Auburn University.
[8] Byrnes M R, Hiland M W.1995. Large-scale sediment transport patterns on the continental shelf and influence on shoreline response: St. Andrew Sound, Georgia to Nassau Sound, Florida USA. Marine Geology, 126(1-4): 19-43.
[9] Caravaca F, Barea J M, Palenzuela J, et al.2003. Establishment of shrub species in a degraded semiarid site after inoculation with native or allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Applied Soil Ecology, 22(2): 103-111.
[10] Chaudhary V B, Lau M K, Johnson N C.2008. Macroecology of microbes—biogeography of the glomeromycota. In: Varma A. Mycorrhiza. Berlin: Springer, 529-563.
[11] Colard A, Angelard C, Sanders I R.2011. Genetic exchange in an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus results in increased rice growth and altered mycorrhiza-specific gene transcription. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(18): 6510-6515.
[12] Deepika S, Kothamasi D.2015. Soil moisture—a regulator of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community assembly and symbiotic phosphorus uptake. Mycorrhiza, 25(1): 67-75.
[13] Fokom R, Adamou S, Teugwa M C, et al.2012. Glomalin related soil protein, carbon, nitrogen and soil aggregate stability as affected by land use variation in the humid forest zone of south Cameroon. Soil & Tillage Research, 120: 69-75.
[14] Gerdemann J W, Nicolson T H.1963. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 46(2): 235-244.
[15] Harris R, Kocher S D.2007. Riparian Vegetation, Forest Stewardship Series 10, Davis, CA, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. UCANR Publication, 8240: 7.
[16] Isebrands J G, Richardson J.2014. Poplars and Willows: Trees for Society and the Environment. Boston, MA, USA: FAO and CABI, 656.
[17] Jasper D A, Abbott L K, Robson A D.1991. The effect of soil disturbance on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils from different vegetation types. New Phytologist, 118(3): 471-476.
[18] Jha D K, Sharma G D, Mishra R R.1992. Ecology of soil microflora and mycorrhizal symbionts in degraded forests at two altitudes. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 12(4): 272-278.
[19] Kennedy A C, Papendick R I.1995. Microbial characteristics of soil quality. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 50(3): 243-248.
[20] Lambin E F, Geist H J, Lepers E.2003. Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in tropical regions. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 28(1): 205-241.
[21] Lara-Pérez L A, Noa-Carrazana J C, López áde J, et al.2014. Colonization and structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community in Alsophila firma (Cyatheales: Cyatheaceae) from a tropical montane cloud forest in Veracruz, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 62(4): 1609-1623. (in Spanish)
[22] Lawal P O.2011. Effects of sand/gravel mining in Minna emirate area of Nigeria on stakeholders. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(1): 193-199.
[23] Lehnhoff E A, Rew L J, Zabinski C A, et al.2012. Reduced impacts or a longer lag phase? Tamarix in the Northwestern U.S.A. Wetlands, 32(3): 497-508.
[24] Li L F, Zhang Y, Zhao Z W.2007. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and spore density across different land-use types in a hot and arid ecosystem, Southwest China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 170(3): 419-425.
[25] Magurran A E. 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 72-99.
[26] Mahecha-Vásqueza G, Sierra S, Posada R.2017. Diversity indices using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to evaluate the soil state in banana crops in Colombia. Applied Soil Ecology, 109: 32-39.
[27] McCune B, Mefford M J.1999. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data (4th ed.). Oregon, USA: MJM Software, Gleneden Beach, 237.
[28] Miransari M, Bahrami HA, Rejali F, et al.2007. Using arbuscular mycorrhiza to reduce the stressful effects of soil compaction on corn (Zea mays L.) growth. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 39: 2014-2026.
[29] Mirzaei J, Moradi M.2017. Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Amygdalus scoparia Spach plantations and a natural stand. Journal of Forestry Research, 28: 1-9.
[30] Moradi M, Shirvany A, Matinizadeh M, et al.2015. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis with Sorbus torminalis does not vary with soil nutrients and enzyme activities across different sites. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 8(3): 308-313.
[31] Moradi M, Naji H R, Imani F, et al.2017. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi changes by afforestation in sand dunes. Journal of Arid Environments, 140: 14-19.
[32] Morwin H D, Peach P M.1951. Exchangeability of soil potassium in and, silt and clay fractions as influenced by the nature of complementary exchangeable cations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 15: 125-128.
[33] Naiman R J, Bilby R E, Bisson P A.2000. Riparian ecology and management in the Pacific coastal rain forest. BioScience, 50(11): 996-1011.
[34] Oehl F, Jansa J, Ineichen K, et al.2011. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as bio-indicators in Swiss agricultural soils. Agrar Forschung Schweiz, 2: 304-311.
[35] Olsen S R, Cole C V, Watanabe F S, Dean L A.1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circular, 939: 1-19.
[36] O'Neill E G, O'Neill R V, Norby R J.1991. Hierarchy theory as a guide to mycorrhizal research on large-scale problems. Environmental Pollution, 73(3-4): 271-284.
[37] Padmalal D, Maya K, Sreebha S, et al.2008. Environmental effects of river sand mining: a case from the river catchments of Vembanad Lake, Southwest coast of India. Environmental Geology, 54(4): 879-889.
[38] Piraino S, Fanelli G, Boero F.2002. Variability of species’ roles in marine communities: change of paradigms for conservation priorities. Marine Biology, 140(5): 1067-1074.
[39] Power M E, Mills L S.1995. The keystone cops meet in Hilo. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 10(5): 182-184.
[40] Quoreshi A M.2008. The use of mycorrhizal biotechnology in restoration of disturbed ecosystem. In: Siddiqui Z A, Akhtar M S. Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry. Dordrecht: Springer, 303-320.
[41] Sakio H, Tamura T.2008. Ecology of Riparian Forests in Japan: Disturbance, Life History, and Regeneration. Tokyo: Springer, 339.
[42] Schenck N C, Perez Y.1988. Manual for identification of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. INVAM, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA, 241.
[43] Schü?ler A, Schwarzott D, Walker C.2001. A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and evolution. Mycological Research, 105(12): 1413-1421.
[44] Shi Z Y, Zhang L Y, Feng G, et al.2006. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with desert ephemerals growing under and beyond the canopies of Tamarisk shrubs. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(Suppl.): 132-139.
[45] Smith S E, Read D J.2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (3rd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press, 13-41.
[46] Soka G, Ritchie M.2014a. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and ecosystem processes: prospects for future research in tropical soils. Open Journal of Ecology, 4(1): 11-22.
[47] Soka G, Ritchie M.2014b. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, ecosystem processes and environmental changes in tropical soils. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 13(1): 229-245.
[48] Sreebha S, Padmalal D.2011. Environmental impact assessment of sand mining from the small catchment rivers in the southwestern coast of India: A case study. Environmental Management, 47(1): 130-140.
[49] Strasser T, Lang S, Blaschke T.2014. Class modelling of complex riparian forest habitats. South-Eastern European Journal of Earth Observation and Geomatics, 3(2S): 531-534.
[50] Stürmer S L, Siqueira J O.2011. Species richness and spore abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across distinct land uses in Western Brazilian Amazon. Mycorrhiza, 21(4): 255-267.
[51] Symanczik S, Blaszkowski J, Koegel S, et al.2014. Isolation and identification of desert habituated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi newly reported from the Arabian Peninsula. Journal of Arid Land, 6(4): 488-497.
[52] Thorne M., Rhodes L, Cardina J.2013. Soil compaction and arbuscular mycorrhizae affect seedling growth of three grasses. Open Journal of Ecology, 3(7): 455-463.
[53] Tockner K, Stanford J A.2002. Riverine flood plains: present state and future trends. Environmental Conservation, 29(3): 308-330.
[54] Trejo D, Barois I, Sangabriel-Conde W.2016. Disturbance and land use effect on functional diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Agroforestry Systems, 90(2): 265-279.
[55] Treseder K K.2004. A meta-analysis of mycorrhizal responses to nitrogen, phosphorus and atmospheric CO2 in field studies. New Phytologist, 164: 347-365.
[56] Van Der Heijden M G A, Bardgett R D, Van Straalen N M.2008. The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 11(3): 296-310.
[57] Vasconcellos R L F, Bonfim J A, Baretta D, et al.2016. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin-related soil protein as potential indicators of soil quality in a recuperation gradient of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Land Degradation & Development, 27(2): 325-334.
[58] Verbruggen E, Van Der Heijden M G, Weedon J T, et al.2012. Community assembly, species richness and nestedness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils. Molecular Ecology, 21(10): 2341-2353.
[59] Walkley A, Black I A.1934. An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29-37.
[60] Wallace L L.1987. Effects of clipping and soil compaction on growth, morphology and mycorrhizal colonization of Schizachyrium scoparium, a C4 bunchgrass. Oecologia, 72(3): 423-428.
[61] Waltert B, Wiemken V, Rusterholz H P, et al.2002. Disturbance of forest by trampling: effects on mycorrhizal roots of seedlings and mature trees of Fagus sylvatica. Plant and Soil, 243(2): 143-154.
[62] Wang Y S, Chen L, Zhang S B, et al.2010. Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the natural forests of Populus euphratica and Alhagi sparsifolia in Xinjiang. Arid Zone Research, 27(6): 927-932. (in Chinese)
[63] Yang H, Yuan Y, Zhang Q.et al.2011. Changes in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along a large-scale aridity gradient. Catena, 87: 70-77.
[64] Yang Y H, Chen Y N, Li W H.2008. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infection in desert riparian forest and its environmental implications: A case study in the lower reach of Tarim River. Progress in Natural Science, 18(8): 983-991.
[65] Yang Y H, Chen Y N, Cai B Y, et al.2013. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic status of Populus euphratica, a drought resistant tree species from arid lands. Ecohydrology, 6(6): 1001-1008.
[66] Yoshimura Y, Ido A, Iwase K, et al.2013. Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Japanese Pear) in orchards with variable amounts of soil-available phosphorus. Microbes Environ 28: 105-111.
[1] XIANG Zeyu, Arvind BHATT, TANG Zhongbin, PENG Yansong, WU Weifeng, ZHANG Jiaxin, WANG Jingxuan, David GALLACHER, ZHOU Saixia. Disturbance of plateau zokor-made mound stimulates plant community regeneration in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2021, 13(10): 1054-1070.
[2] Lang QIU, Yinli BI, Bin JIANG, Zhigang WANG, Yanxu ZHANG, ZHAKYPBEK Yryszhan. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ameliorate the chemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil in reclaimed mining subsidence in northwestern China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2019, 11(1): 135-147.
[3] Lin WU, Yuanming ZHANG. Precipitation and soil particle size co-determine spatial distribution of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2018, 10(5): 701-711.
[4] Yuchen WANG, Zhengfu BIAN, Shaogang LEI, Yu ZHANG. Investigating spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture content in an arid mining area using an improved thermal inertia model[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2017, 9(5): 712-726.
[5] Yinan ZHAO, Hongqing YU, Tao ZHANG, Jixun GUO. Mycorrhizal colonization of chenopods and its influencing factors in different saline habitats, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2017, 9(1): 143-152.
[6] Ning AI, Tianxing WEI, Qingke ZHU, Fangfang QIANG, Huan MA, Wei QIN. Impacts of land disturbance and restoration on runoff production and sediment yield inthe Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2017, 9(1): 76-86.
[7] Raafat H ABD EL-WAHAB. Plant assemblage and diversity variation with human disturbances in coastal habitats of the western Arabian Gulf[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2016, 8(5): 787-798.
[8] WEN Bin, ZHANG Xiaolei, YANG Zhaoping, XIONG Heigang, QIU Yang. Influence of tourist disturbance on soil properties, plant communities, and surface water quality in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2016, 8(2): 304-313.
[9] Partha P DHAR, Abdul A AL-QARAWI, Mohammed A U MRIDHA. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal association in Asteraceae plants growing in the arid lands of Saudi Arabia[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2015, 7(5): 676-686.
[10] SI Jianhua, FENG Qi, YU Tengfei, ZHAO Chunyan. Nighttime sap flow and its driving forces for Populus euphratica in a desert riparian forest, Northwest China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2015, 7(5): 665-674.
[11] Sarah SYMANCZIK, Janusz B?ASZKOWSKI, Sally KOEGEL, Thomas BOLLER, Andres WIEMKEN, Mohamed N AL-YAHYA'EI.. Isolation and identification of desert habituated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi newly reported from the Arabian Peninsula[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2014, 6(4): 488-497.
[12] HongLing LIU, Yong TAN, Monika NELL, Karin ZITTER-EGLSEER, Chris WAWSCRAH, Brigitte KOPP, ShaoMing WANG, Johannes NOVAK. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization of  Glycyrrhiza glabra roots enhances plant biomass, phosphorus uptake and concentration of root secondary metabolites[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2014, 6(2): 186-194.
[13] Hui GAO, YuBao GAO, XingDong HE. Impacts of grazing and mowing on reproductive behaviors of Stipa grandis and Stipa krylovii in a semi-arid area[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2014, 6(1): 97-104.
[14] YanYan LIU, YanMing GONG, Xin WANG, YuKun HU. Volume fractal dimension of soil particles and relationships with soil physical-chemical properties and plant species diversity in an alpine grassland under different disturbance degrees[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2013, 5(4): 480-487.
[15] Ian J RADFORD. Fluctuating resources, disturbance and plant strategies: diverse mechanisms underlying plant invasions[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2013, 5(3): 284-297.