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Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2022, Vol. 14 Issue (3): 284-296    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-022-0061-5
Research article     
Ecosystem service values of gardens in the Yellow River Basin, China
GE Qianqian1,2, XU Wenjie3, FU Meichen1, HAN Yingxin4, AN Guoqiang4,5,6,*(), XU Yuetong4
1School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing 100035, China
3Shandong Urban and Rural Planning Design Institute, Jinan 250013, China
4Territorial Spatial Planning Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China
5College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
6Key Laboratory of Land Use, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shandong Basis, Jinan 250014, China
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Abstract  

Studies on the ecosystem service value (ESV) of gardens are critical for informing evidence- based land management practices based on an understanding of the local ecosystem. By analyzing equivalent value factors (EVFs), this paper evaluated the values of 11 ecosystem services of gardens in the Yellow River Basin of China in 2019. High-precision land use survey data were used to improve the accuracy of the land use classification, garden areas, and spatial distribution of the ESVs of gardens. The results showed that garden ecosystem generally had high ESVs, especially in terms of the ESV of food production, which is worthy of further research and application to the practice of land use planning and management. Specifically, the value of one standard EVF of ecosystem services in 2019 was 3587.04 CNY/(hm2•a), and the ESV of food production of gardens was much higher than that of croplands. Garden ecosystem provided an ESV of 1348.66×108 CNY/a in the Yellow River Basin. The areas with the most concentrated ESVs of gardens were located in four regions: downstream in the Shandong-Henan zone along the Yellow River, mid-stream in the Shanxi-Shaanxi zone along the Yellow River, the Weihe River Basin, and upstream in the Qinghai-Gansu-Ningxia-Inner Mongolia zone along the Yellow River. The spatial correlation of the ESVs in the basin was significant (global spatial autocorrelation index Moran's I=0.464), which implied that the characteristics of high ESVs adjacent to high ESVs and low ESVs adjacent to low ESVs are prominent. In the Yellow River Basin, the contribution of the ESVs of gardens to the local environment and economy varied across regions. We also put forward some suggestions for promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the Yellow River Basin. The findings of this study provide important contributions to the research of ecosystem service evaluation in the Yellow River Basin.

Key words： ecosystem service evaluation      garden ecosystem      equivalent value factors      spatial autocorrelation analysis      Yellow River Basin     
Received: 17 May 2021      Published: 31 March 2022
Corresponding Authors: *AN Guoqiang (E-mail: an_tiger_@163.com)
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GE Qianqian
XU Wenjie
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GE Qianqian, XU Wenjie, FU Meichen, HAN Yingxin, AN Guoqiang, XU Yuetong. Ecosystem service values of gardens in the Yellow River Basin, China. Journal of Arid Land, 2022, 14(3): 284-296.

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http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-022-0061-5     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2022/V14/I3/284

Fig. 1 Overview of the Yellow River Basin. Xining is the capital of Qinghai Province, Lanzhou is the capital of Gansu Province, Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province, Yinchuan is the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Huhhot is the capital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, Taiyuan is the capital of Shanxi Province, Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan Province, and Jinan is the capital of Shandong Province.
Ecosystem services EVFs
Orchard Tea garden Other garden types
Provisioning services Food production* 6.03 4.92 5.31
Raw materials** 0.66 0.43 0.66
Water supply** 0.02 0.02 0.02
Regulating services Gas regulation** 1.66 0.90 1.66
Climate regulation** 5.16 2.89 5.16
Environmental purification** 1.49 0.84 1.49
Water regulation** 3.76 2.37 4.74
Supporting services Soil conservation** 2.03 1.10 2.03
Nutrient cycling** 0.15 0.08 0.15
Biodiversity** 1.85 1.01 1.85
Cultural services Aesthetic landscape** 1.12 0.75 1.12
Table 1 Equivalent value factors (EVFs) of garden ecosystem for different garden types in the Yellow River Basin in 2019
Ecosystem services ESV (×108 CNY/a) Percentage (%)
Provisioning services 370.11 27.44
Food production 331.86 24.61
Raw materials 37.12 2.75
Water supply 1.13 0.08
Regulating services 688.89 51.07
Gas regulation 93.37 6.92
Climate regulation 290.24 21.52
Environmental purification 83.81 6.21
Water regulation 221.47 16.42
Supporting services 226.66 16.82
Soil conservation 114.17 8.47
Nutrient cycling 8.44 0.63
Biodiversity 104.05 7.72
Cultural services 63.00 4.67
Aesthetic landscape 63.00 4.67
Total 1348.66 100.00
Table 2 Ecosystem service values (ESVs) of gardens in the Yellow River Basin in 2019
Fig. 2 Frequency histogram of the ecosystem service values (ESVs) of gardens in the Yellow River Basin
Fig. 3 Histogram (a) and spatial distribution (b) of the ESVs of gardens in the Yellow River Basin. I, II, III, and IV represent four regions in terms of the ESVs in the Yellow River Basin.
Fig. 4 Histogram (a) and spatial distribution (b) of the ESVs of gardens per unit area in the Yellow River Basin
Fig. 5 Spatial autocorrelation of the ESVs of gardens in the Yellow River Basin
Fig. 6 Agglomeration features of the ESVs of gardens in the Yellow River Basin
Reference Year Study area Ecosystem ESV (×104 CNY/(hm2•a))
Costanza et al. (1997)* 1997 Global region Forest 1.02
Costanza et al. (2014)* 2010 Global region Forest 2.89
de Groot et al. (2012)* 2012 Global region Tropical forest 3.33
Temperate forest 1.91
Woodland 1.01
Xie et al. (2003) 2002 Tibetan Plateau, China Forest 1.93
Xie et al. (2015) 2010 China Coniferous forest 5.97
Coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest 7.87
Broad-leaved forest 7.82
Ojea et al. (2016) * 2014 Global region Forest in REDD countries 11.52
Forest in non-REDD countries 2.65
Cao et al. (2018) 2014 China Artificial forest 4.60
Natural Forest 4.32
Qian et al. (2020) 2015 The southern slope of Qilian Mountains, China Forest 1.70
Xue et al. (2018) 2015 China Forest 8.88
Grammatikopoulou and Vackárová (2021)* 2016 Europe Mediterranean forest 0.23
Temperate broad-leaved & mixed forest 0.08
Temperate conifer forest 0.84
Hu et al. (2021) 2018 Xishuangbanna, China Tea garden 1.46
Forest 2.20
This study 2019 YRB, China Orchard 8.58
Tea garden 5.49
Other garden types 8.68
Table 3 Evaluation results for the ESVs of garden ecosystem and forest ecosystem in sample projects
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