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Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2025, Vol. 17 Issue (3): 394-410    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-025-0096-5     CSTR: 32276.14.JAL.02500965
Research article     
Assessment of plant diversity in the Surkhan-Sherabad Region, Uzbekistan by grid mapping
Inom JURAMURODOV1, Rustam URALOV2, Dilmurod MAKHMUDJANOV1, LU Chunfang3, Feruz AKBAROV1, Sardor PULATOV1, Bakhtiyor KARIMOV1, Orzimat TURGINOV1, Komiljon TOJIBAEV1,*()
1Flora of Uzbekistan Laboratory, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
2National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
3Xinjiang Plants Resource Chemistry Key Laboratory, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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Abstract  

In floristic research, the grid mapping method is a crucial and highly effective tool for investigating the flora of specific regions. This methodology aids in the collection of comprehensive data, thereby promoting a thorough understanding of regional plant diversity. This paper presents findings from a grid mapping study conducted in the Surkhan-Sherabad botanical-geographic region (SShBGR), acknowledged as one of the major floristic areas in southwestern Uzbekistan. Using an expansive dataset of 14,317 records comprised of herbarium specimens and field diary entries collected from 1897 to 2023, we evaluated the stages and seasonal dynamics of data accumulation, species richness (SR), and collection density (CD) within 5 km×5 km grid cells. We further examined the taxonomic and life form composition of the region's flora. Our analysis revealed that the grid mapping phase (2021-2023) produced a significantly greater volume of specimens and taxonomic diversity compared with other periods (1897-1940, 1941-1993, and 1994-2020). Field research spanned 206 grid cells during 2021-2023, resulting in 11,883 samples, including 6469 herbarium specimens and 5414 field records. Overall, fieldwork covered 251 of the 253 grid cells within the SShBGR. Notably, the highest species diversity was documented in the B198 grid cell, recording 160 species. In terms of collection density, the E198 grid cell produced 475 samples. Overall, we identified 1053 species distributed across 439 genera and 78 families in the SShBGR. The flora of this region aligned significantly with the dominant families commonly found in the Holarctic, highlighting vital ecological connections. Among our findings, the Asteraceae family was the most polymorphic, with 147 species, followed by the continually stable and diverse Poaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, and Amaranthaceae. Besides, our analysis revealed a predominance of therophyte life forms, which constituted 52% (552 species) of the total flora. The findings underscore the necessity for continual data collection efforts to further enhance our understanding of the biodiversity in the SShBGR. The results of this study demonstrated that the application of grid-based mapping in floristic studies proves to be an effective tool for assessing biodiversity and identifying key taxonomic groups.

Key words： grid mapping      species richness      collection density      taxonomy      dominant species      life form      therophyte      Central Asia     
Received: 16 October 2024      Published: 31 March 2025
Corresponding Authors: *Komiljon TOJIBAEV (E-mail: ktojibaev@mail.ru)
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Inom JURAMURODOV
Rustam URALOV
Dilmurod MAKHMUDJANOV
LU Chunfang
Feruz AKBAROV
Sardor PULATOV
Bakhtiyor KARIMOV
Orzimat TURGINOV
Komiljon TOJIBAEV
Cite this article:

Inom JURAMURODOV, Rustam URALOV, Dilmurod MAKHMUDJANOV, LU Chunfang, Feruz AKBAROV, Sardor PULATOV, Bakhtiyor KARIMOV, Orzimat TURGINOV, Komiljon TOJIBAEV. Assessment of plant diversity in the Surkhan-Sherabad Region, Uzbekistan by grid mapping. Journal of Arid Land, 2025, 17(3): 394-410.

URL:

http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-025-0096-5     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2025/V17/I3/394

Fig. 1 Grid system established in the Surkhan-Sherabad botanical-geographic region (SShBGR). BGR, botanical-geographic region.
Fig. 2 Distribution of species richness (SR) and collection density (CD) for data collected from the grid system in the SShBGR across different periods. (a), SR during 1897-1940; (b), CD during 1897-1940; (c), SR during 1941-1993; (d), CD during 1941-1993; (e), SR during 1994-2020; (f), CD during 1994-2020; (g), SR during 2021-2023; (h), CD during 2021-2023.
Fig. 3 Monthly dynamics of plant data collection from the SShBGR from 1897 to 2023
Fig. 4 Visualization of all species occurrence records collected from the SShBGR from 1897 to 2023. (a), SR during 1897-2023; (b), CD during 1897-2023.
Period Number of families Number of genera Number of species Number of records
Period A (1897-1940) 54 244 428 1265
Period B (1941-1993) 49 181 299 800
Period C (1994-2020) 38 105 139 362
Period D (2021-2023) 65 367 803 11,883
Table 1 Number of plant families, genera, species, and records collected from the SShBGR across different periods
Period Rank Family Number of genera Number of species Number of records
Period A (1897-1940) 1 Poaceae 35 48 190
2 Asteraceae 25 45 137
3 Fabaceae 13 42 148
4 Brassicaceae 22 34 68
5 Amaranthaceae 20 31 107
6 Lamiaceae 13 18 37
7 Apiaceae 11 18 52
8 Boraginaceae 11 18 33
9 Cyperaceae 7 18 44
10 Plantaginaceae 6 12 31
Period B (1941-1993) 1 Poaceae 28 40 114
2 Asteraceae 18 33 77
3 Fabaceae 12 32 79
4 Amaranthaceae 16 24 98
5 Cyperaceae 5 13 42
6 Lamiaceae 10 12 28
7 Brassicaceae 10 11 14
8 Apiaceae 9 11 20
9 Plantaginaceae 3 7 10
10 Boraginaceae 6 6 10
Period C (1994-2020) 1 Asteraceae 15 18 38
2 Brassicaceae 11 12 46
3 Poaceae 9 10 26
4 Fabaceae 5 10 29
5 Liliaceae 3 10 21
6 Amaranthaceae 8 9 31
7 Lamiaceae 8 8 13
8 Caryophyllaceae 5 7 16
9 Ranunculaceae 3 5 14
10 Plantaginaceae 2 3 5
Period D (2021-2023) 1 Asteraceae 50 122 1567
2 Poaceae 48 93 1847
3 Fabaceae 19 73 1049
4 Amaranthaceae 32 71 1025
5 Brassicaceae 40 68 1432
6 Caryophyllaceae 16 32 210
7 Boraginaceae 14 29 396
8 Apiaceae 23 28 181
9 Polygonaceae 6 26 492
10 Ranunculaceae 8 25 112
Table 2 List of top-ten polymorphic families in the Surkhan-Sherabad botanical-geographic region (SShBGR) in each period
No. Family Number of genera Number of species Number of life forms Number of records
T H Cr Ch P
1 Asteraceae 58 147 85 48 1 13 - 1819
2 Poaceae 53 109 65 43 1 - - 2178
3 Fabaceae 20 96 44 38 - 11 3 1305
4 Brassicaceae 45 80 73 7 - - - 1561
5 Amaranthaceae 33 79 59 - - 13 7 1261
6 Lamiaceae 20 42 10 21 - 10 1 352
7 Caryophyllaceae 17 40 29 11 - - - 251
8 Apiaceae 29 39 16 11 12 - - 255
9 Boraginaceae 16 39 27 12 - - - 439
10 Polygonaceae 7 28 9 6 - - 13 567
11 Ranunculaceae 8 28 15 12 - - 1 158
12 Cyperaceae 9 26 9 17 - - - 306
13 Plantaginaceae 7 25 14 11 - - - 502
14 Liliaceae 3 18 - - 18 - - 67
15 Euphorbiaceae 2 14 13 1 - - - 127
16 Rubiaceae 6 14 9 3 - 2 - 76
17 Convolvulaceae 4 13 3 7 - 3 - 340
18 Tamaricaceae 3 13 - - - 2 11 333
19 Amaryllidaceae 1 12 - - 12 - - 59
20 Caprifoliaceae 4 12 10 2 - - - 64
21 Malvaceae 5 12 6 6 - - - 225
22 Rosaceae 7 10 - 5 - - 5 31
23 Papaveraceae 5 9 9 - - - - 295
24 Geraniaceae 2 9 8 1 - - - 266
25 Solanaceae 4 9 5 - - 1 3 113
26 Zygophyllaceae 2 7 2 2 - 3 - 233
27 Iridaceae 1 6 - - 6 - - 55
28 Juncaceae 1 6 - 6 - - - 15
29 Rutaceae 1 6 - 6 - - - 74
30 Typhaceae 1 6 - - 6 - - 74
31 Asparagaceae 4 5 - - 5 - - 12
32 Ephedraceae 1 5 - - - - 5 38
33 Lythraceae 3 5 4 1 - - - 22
34 Orobanchaceae 2 5 - 5 - - - 19
35 Salicaceae 2 5 - - - - 5 39
36 Scrophulariaceae 2 5 2 3 - - - 39
37 Plumbaginaceae 2 3 2 1 - - - 32
38 Apocynaceae 2 3 - 3 - - - 71
39 Araceae 2 3 - - 3 - - 41
40 Asphodelaceae 1 3 - - 3 - - 4
41 Cleomaceae 1 3 3 - - - - 6
42 Frankeniaceae 1 3 1 - - 2 - 10
43 Onagraceae 2 3 1 2 - - - 6
44 Orchidaceae 3 3 - - 3 - - 6
45 Primulaceae 1 3 3 - - - - 34
46 Crassulaceae 1 1 1 - - - - 1
47 Cynomoriaceae 1 2 2 - - - - 5
48 Equisetaceae 1 2 - - 2 - - 34
49 Gentianaceae 2 2 1 1 - - - 22
50 Moraceae 1 2 - - - - 2 23
51 Nitrariaceae 2 2 1 1 - - - 90
52 Phyllanthaceae 1 2 - - - 2 - 4
53 Potamogetonaceae 1 2 - 2 - - - 4
54 Resedaceae 1 2 2 - - - - 5
55 Thymelaeaceae 2 2 2 - - - - 15
56 Anacardiaceae 1 1 - - - - 1 3
57 Balsaminaceae 1 1 1 - - - - 4
58 Berberidaceae 1 1 - 1 - - - 2
59 Capparaceae 1 1 - 1 - - - 47
60 Colchicaceae 1 1 - - 1 - - 47
61 Datiscaceae 1 1 - 1 - - - 1
62 Elaeagnaceae 1 1 - - - - 1 38
63 Elatinaceae 1 1 1 - - - - 2
64 Eriocaulaceae 1 1 1 - - - - 1
65 Hypericaceae 1 1 - 1 - - - 4
66 Ixioliriaceae 1 1 - - 1 - - 50
67 Linaceae 1 1 - 1 - - - 4
68 Mazaceae 1 1 - 1 - - - 30
69 Oleaceae 1 1 - - - - 1 1
70 Oxalidaceae 1 1 1 - - - - 20
71 Portulacaceae 1 1 1 - - - - 53
72 Pteridaceae 1 1 - 1 - - - 1
73 Sapindaceae 1 1 - - - - 1 2
74 Sphenocleaceae 1 1 1 - - - - 5
75 Ulmaceae 1 1 - - - - 1 7
76 Urticaceae 1 1 1 - - - - 1
77 Verbenaceae 1 1 - 1 - - - 10
78 Vitaceae 1 1 1 - - - 1 1
Total 439 1053 552 303 74 62 62 14,317
Table 3 Taxonomic and life forms of 14,317 records collected from the SShBGR from 1897 to 2023
Fig. 5 Number and proportion of life form of the flora in the SShBGR
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