Identification of dominant plant water-use strategies in arid zones under deuterium depletion conditions

doi:10.1016/j.jaridl.2026.04.007

Journal of Arid Land

2026, Vol. 18

Issue (4): 676-695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridl.2026.04.007 CSTR: 32276.14.JAL.20250453

Research article

Identification of dominant plant water-use strategies in arid zones under deuterium depletion conditions

DAI Ningze¹^,²^,³, SHI Fengzhi¹^,²^,³^,^*(

), WANG Yuehui⁴, YAO Peng¹^,²^,³, ZHU Jianting⁵, ZHAO Chengyi⁶

¹ State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
² Aksu National Station of Observation and Research for Oasis Agro-ecosystem, Aksu 843017, China
³ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁴ Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
⁵ Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
⁶ School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China

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Abstract

Identifying plant water sources is fundamental for elucidating ecohydrological processes and improving water resource management in arid zones under climate change. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are commonly used to trace plant water uptake; however, cryogenic vacuum extraction (CVE), the standard method for extracting plant xylem water, may induce deuterium depletion, thereby biasing source attribution. To systematically assess the effects of CVE-induced deuterium depletion across species, size classes, and habitats, we excavated five representative soil profiles along the mainstream of the Tarim River in northwestern China, in mid-July 2022. A total of 29 individuals, comprising both Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima, were sampled. We divided P. euphratica individuals into four groups based on diameter at breast height (<50, 50-100, 100-250, and >250 cm), while categorized T. ramosissima individuals into four groups according to plant height (<1.0, 1.0-2.0, 2.0-4.0, and >4.0 m). Plant xylem water was extracted using CVE, and five deuterium depletion scenarios (-5.00‰, -7.00‰, -9.00‰, -11.00‰, and -13.00‰) were simulated. The Bayesian Mixing Model for Stable Isotope Analysis in R (MixSIAR) was applied under six input modes to quantify the proportional contributions of potential water sources and associated prediction errors. Model evaluation revealed that P. euphratica achieved the highest accuracy with a -9.00‰ correction of depletion, whereas a -11.00‰ correction was optimal for T. ramosissima, reducing relative prediction errors by 68.65% and 67.73%, respectively, compared with uncorrected scenario. Small-sized P. euphratica individuals exhibited less deuterium depletion, whereas no clear size-dependent pattern was observed for T. ramosissima. Spatially, plant individuals located farther from the river exhibited reduced deuterium depletion in xylem water. Despite differences in species traits and habitat conditions, both species predominantly relied on deep soil water and groundwater, which together contributed, on average, 61.45% and 59.95% for P. euphratica and T. ramosissima, respectively. These findings highlight the necessity of accounting for CVE-induced deuterium depletion when identifying plant water-use strategies and provide methodological guidance for isotope-based ecohydrological studies in arid environments.

Key words： plant water uptake hydrogen isotopes oxygen isotopes cryogenic vacuum extraction (CVE) deuterium depletion Bayesian Mixing Model for Stable Isotope Analysis in R (MixSIAR) Tarim River Basin

Received: 14 September 2025 Published: 30 April 2026

Corresponding Authors: ^*SHI Fengzhi (E-mail: shifz@ms.xjb.ac.cn)

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	DAI Ningze
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	ZHAO Chengyi

Cite this article:

DAI Ningze, SHI Fengzhi, WANG Yuehui, YAO Peng, ZHU Jianting, ZHAO Chengyi. Identification of dominant plant water-use strategies in arid zones under deuterium depletion conditions. Journal of Arid Land, 2026, 18(4): 676-695.

URL:

http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1016/j.jaridl.2026.04.007 OR http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2026/V18/I4/676

Fig. 1 Overview of the study area based on the digital elevation model (DEM; a), and field photographs showing the soil profiles at Alaer (b), Ermuchang (c), Yingbazha (d), Aqike (e), and Yingsu (f)

Table 1 Plant sampling information

Fig. 2 Soil water content distribution across five soil profiles. (a), Alaer; (b), Ermuchang; (c), Yingbazha; (d), Aqike; (e), Yingsu.

Fig. 3 Soil texture distribution across five profiles. (a), Alaer; (b), Ermuchang; (c), Yingbazha; (d), Aqike; (e), Yingsu.

Fig. 4 Relationship between oxygen isotope ratio (δ¹⁸O) and deuterium isotope ratio (δD) of different water sources. The local meteoric water line (LMWL) (Song et al., 2022) and global meteoric water line (GMWL) are shown for reference.

Fig. 5 δ¹⁸O and δD values of soil water and plant xylem water at different profiles. Panels (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) correspond to the Alaer, Ermuchang, Yingbazha, Aqike, and Yingsu profiles, respectively. Panels a₁-e₁ show δ¹⁸O, while panels a₂-e₂ display δD. P1-P4 represent four groups of P. euphratica individuals based on diameter at breast height (DBH): <50, 50-10, 100-250, and >250 cm, respectively. T1-T4 represent four groups of T. ramosissima individuals based on plant height: <1.0, 1.0-2.0, 2.0-4.0, and >4.0 m, respectively. The asterisk symbol ''*'' denotes different individual plants within the same group. Error bars represent standard deviations.

Fig. 6 Bayesian Mixing Model for Stable Isotope Analysis in R (MixSIAR) predictions of plant water sources at the Alaer (a), Ermuchang (b), Yingbazha (c), Aqike (d), and Yingsu (e) profiles under different correction scenarios. F0, original δD and δ¹⁸O values; F5, δD and δ¹⁸O values were adjusted for -5.00‰ deuterium depletion; F7, δD and δ¹⁸O values were adjusted for -7.00‰ deuterium depletion; F9, δD and δ¹⁸O values were adjusted for -9.00‰ deuterium depletion; F11, δD and δ¹⁸O values were adjusted for -11.00‰ deuterium depletion; F13, δD and δ¹⁸O values were adjusted for -13.00‰ deuterium depletion. Error bars represent standard deviations.

Table 2 RMSE, NSE, and MAPE of δD from the MixSIAR predictions under different correction scenarios

Fig. 7 Heatmaps of three statistical metrics—RMSE (root mean square error), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency), and MAPE (mean absolute percentage error)—evaluated under different δD correction scenarios across soil profiles and plant groups. (a), RMSE differentiated by soil profile; (b), RMSE differentiated by plant group; (c), NSE differentiated by soil profile; (d), NSE differentiated by plant group; (e), MAPE differentiated by soil profile; (f), MAPE differentiated by plant group.


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