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Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2021, Vol. 13 Issue (8): 790-800    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-021-0016-2     CSTR: 32276.14.s40333-021-0016-2
    
Diversity of cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes in Xinjiang of China and their plant beneficial traits
LI Li1, GAO Lei1,2, LIU Yonghong1, FANG Baozhu1, HUANG Yin1, Osama A A MOHAMAD1, Dilfuza EGAMBERDIEVA3, LI Wenjun1,4,*(), MA Jinbiao1,*()
1 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3 Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
4 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Abstract  

Endophytic bacteria from halophytes have a wide range of application prospects in various fields, such as plant growth-promoting, biocontrol activity and stress resistance. The current study aimed to identify cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes grown in the salt-affected soil in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China and to evaluate their plant beneficial traits and enzyme-producing activity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from Reaumuria soongorica (PalL Maxim.), Artemisia carvifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Hort. Beng.), Peganum harmala L. and Suaeda dendroides (C. A. Mey. Moq.) by using the cultural-dependent method. Then we classified these bacteria based on the difference between their sequences of 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal RNA) gene. Results showed that the isolated bacteria from R. soongorica belonged to the genera Brucella, Bacillus and Variovorax. The bacteria from A. carvifolia belonged to the genera Micromonospora and Brucella. The bacteria from P. harmala belonged to the genera Paramesorhizobium, Bacillus and Peribacillus. The bacteria from S. dendroides belonged to the genus Bacillus. Notably, the genus Bacillus was detected in the three above plants, indicating that Bacillus is a common taxon of endophytic bacteria in halophytes. And, our results found that about 37.50% of the tested strains showed strong protease-producing activity, 6.25% of the tested strains showed strong cellulase-producing activity and 12.50% of the tested strains showed moderate lipase-producing activity. Besides, all isolated strains were positive for IAA (3-Indoleacetic acid) production, 31.25% of isolated strains exhibited a moderate phosphate solubilization activity and 50.00% of isolated strains exhibited a weak siderophore production activity. Our findings suggest that halophytes are valuable resources for identifying microbes with the ability to increase host plant growth and health in salt-affected soils.

Key words： endophytes      environmental microbiology      halophytes      biodiversity      plant beneficial properties     
Received: 25 April 2021      Published: 10 August 2021
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Li LI
Lei GAO
Yonghong LIU
Baozhu FANG
Yin HUANG
A A MOHAMAD Osama
EGAMBERDIEVA Dilfuza
Wenjun LI
Jinbiao MA
Cite this article:

LI Li, GAO Lei, LIU Yonghong, FANG Baozhu, HUANG Yin, Osama A A MOHAMAD, Dilfuza EGAMBERDIEVA, LI Wenjun, MA Jinbiao. Diversity of cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes in Xinjiang of China and their plant beneficial traits. Journal of Arid Land, 2021, 13(8): 790-800.

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http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-021-0016-2     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2021/V13/I8/790

Fig. 1 (a), percentage of isolated strains at the genus level; (b), Venn diagram of endophytic bacteria from four halophytes at the species level. P1, R. soongorica (Tamaricaceae); P2, A. carvifolia (Asteraceae); P3, P. harmala (Nitrariaceae); P4, S. dendroides (Amaranhaceae). The abbreviations are the same in the following figures and tables. The numbers in the Venn diagram represent the number of endophytic bacterial species.
Isolated strain Species with the highest similarity in the EzBioCloud database
Strain Size (bp) Accession number Top-hit taxon Identity (%) Accession number
P1.1 1489 MW228433 Bacillus halotolerans 99.45 LPVF01000003
P1.2 1488 MW228434 Bacillus atrophaeus 99.38 AB021181
P1.3 1417 MW228435 Brucella endophytica 98.35 KP721485
P1.4 1476 MW228436 Variovorax paradoxus 99.38 BCUT01000013
P1.5 1427 MW228437 Brucella endophytica 98.43 KP721485
P2.1 1450 MW228438 Micromonospora citrea 99.09 FMHZ01000002
P2.2 1417 MW228439 Brucella endophytica 98.71 KP721485
P2.3 1421 MW228440 Brucella endophytica 99.43 KP721485
P3.1 1488 MW228441 Bacillus filamentosus 100.00 KF265351
P3.2 1427 MW228442 Phyllobacterium phragmitis 98.36 PVBR01000053
P3.3 1424 MW228443 Phyllobacterium phragmitis 98.00 PVBR01000053
P3.4 1486 MW228444 Brevibacterium frigoritolerans 99.25 AM747813
P3.5 1426 MW228445 Phyllobacterium phragmitis 98.50 PVBR01000053
P4.1 1484 MW228446 Bacillus filamentosus 99.57 KF265351
P4.2 1483 MW228447 Bacillus atrophaeus 99.39 AB021181
P4.3 1485 MW228448 Bacillus atrophaeus 99.52 AB021181
Table 1 Sequence similarities of isolated endophytic bacterial 16S rRNA gene with sequences registered in the EzBioCloud database
Fig. 2 Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of endophytic bacteria
Isolated strain Enzyme-producing activity Plant growth-promoting traits
Proteaseb Cellulaseb Lipaseb IAAa Phosphate solubilizationb Siderophoreb
P1.1 +++ +++ + + + -
P1.2 +++ - ++ + + +
P1.3 - + - + - +
P1.4 - ++ - + ++ +
P1.5 - ++ - + - -
P2.1 ++ + - + - -
P2.2 ++ ++ - + + -
P2.3 ++ + - + ++ +
P3.1 - + - + ++ -
P3.2 ++ ++ - + ++ +
P3.3 +++ - - + + +
P3.4 +++ - - + + +
P3.5 - ++ - + - +
P4.1 - + - + - -
P4.2 +++ - - + ++ -
P4.3 +++ - ++ ++ + -
Table 2 Plant beneficial traits of endophytic bacterial strains associated with four halophytes
Fig. 3 Proportion of strains with different enzyme-producing activities (a-c) and plant growth-promoting traits (d-f)
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