| Orginal Article |
|
|
|
|
| Spatio-temporal variations of soil water content and salinity around individual Tamarix ramosissima in a semi-arid saline region of the upper Yellow River, Northwest China |
Benman YANG, Ruoshui WANG, Huijie XIAO*( ), Qiqi CAO, Tao LIU |
| College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China |
|
|
|
Abstract Ecological restoration by Tamarix plants on semi-arid saline lands affects the accumulation, distribution patterns and related mechanisms of soil water content and salinity. In this study, spatio-temporal variations of soil water content and salinity around natural individual Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. were invetigated in a semi-arid saline region of the upper Yellow River, Northwest China. Specifically, soil water content, electrical conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SARe), and salt ions (including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42-) were measured at different soil depths and at different distances from the trunk of T. ramosissima in May, July, and September 2016. The soil water content at the 20-80 cm depth was significantly lower in July and September than in May, indicating that T. ramosissima plants absorb a large amount of water through the roots during the growing period, leading to the decreasing of soil water content in the deep soil layer. At the 0-20 cm depth, there was a salt island effect around individual T. ramosissima, and the ECe differed significantly inside and outside the canopy of T. ramosissima in May and July. Salt bioaccumulation and stemflow were two major contributing factors to this difference. The SARe at the 0-20 cm depth was significantly different inside and outside the canopy of T. ramosissima in the three sampling months. The values of SARe at the 60-80 cm depth in May and July were significantly higher than those at the 0-60 cm depth and higher than that at the corresponding depth in September. The distribution of Na+ in the soil was similar to that of the SARe, while the concentrations of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ showed significant differences among the sampling months and soil depths. Both season and soil depth had highly significant effects on soil water content, ECe and SARe, whereas distance from the trunk of T. ramosissima only significantly affected ECe. Based on these results, we recommend co-planting of shallow-rooted salt-tolerant species near the Tamarix plants and avoiding planting herbaceous plants inside the canopy of T. ramosissima for afforestation in this semi-arid saline region. The results of this study may provide a reference for appropriate restoration in the semi-arid saline regions of the upper Yellow River.
|
|
Received: 08 June 2017
Published: 10 February 2018
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
|
|
|
| [1] | Arndt S K, Arampatsis C, Foetzki A, et al.2004. Contrasting patterns of leaf solute accumulation and salt adaptation in four Phreatophytic desert plants in a hyperarid desert with saline groundwater. Journal of Arid Environments, 59(2): 259-270. | | [2] | Bochet E, Rubio J L, Poesen J.1999. Modified topsoil islands within patchy Mediterranean vegetation in SE Spain. CATENA, 38(1): 23-44. | | [3] | Brotherson J D, Field D.1987. Tamarix: impacts of a successful weed. Rangelands, 9(3): 110-112. | | [4] | Chen Y P, Chen Y N, Xu C C, et al.2016. The effects of groundwater depth on water uptake of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in the hyperarid region of Northwestern China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(17): 17404-17412. | | [5] | Cleverly J R, Smith S D, Sala A, et al.1997. Invasive capacity of Tamarix ramosissima in a Mojave Desert floodplain: the role of drought. Oecologia, 111(1): 12-18. | | [6] | Di Tomaso J M.1998. Impact, biology, and ecology of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in the southwestern United States. Weed Technology, 12(2): 326-336. | | [7] | Ehleringer J R, Phillips S L, Schuster W S F, et al.1991. Differential utilization of summer rains by desert plants. Oecologia, 88(3): 430-434. | | [8] | Fan H B, Hong W.2001. Estimation of dry deposition and canopy exchange in Chinese fir plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, 147(2-3): 99-107. | | [9] | Gay L W, Fritschen L J.1979. An energy budget analysis of water use by saltcedar. Water Resources Research, 15(6): 1589-1592. | | [10] | Glenn E P, Morino K, Nagler P L, et al.2012. Roles of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and capillary rise in salinizing a non-flooding terrace on a flow-regulated desert river. Journal of Arid Environments, 79: 56-65. | | [11] | Grubb R T, Sheley R L, Carlstrom R D.1997. Saltcedar (tamarisk). Montana State University Extension Service MT9710. Bozeman, USA: Montana State University. | | [12] | Guan H B, Wang X L, Ju D.2009. Soiled modification and application of Tamarix chinensis on the saline soil. Resource Development & Market, 25(10): 918-921. (in Chinese) | | [13] | He B, Cai Y L, Ran W R, et al.2014. Spatial and seasonal variations of soil salinity following vegetation restoration in coastal saline land in eastern China. CATENA, 118: 147-153. | | [14] | He B, Cai Y L, Ran W R, et al.2015. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of soil salinity after the establishment of vegetation on a coastal saline field. CATENA, 127: 129-134. | | [15] | Hillerislambers R, Rietkerk M, van den Bosch F, et al.2001. Vegetation pattern formation in semi-arid grazing systems. Ecology, 82(1): 50-61. | | [16] | Imada S, Acharya K, Li Y P, et al.2013. Salt dynamics in Tamarix ramosissima in the lower Virgin River floodplain, Nevada. Trees, 27(4): 949-958. | | [17] | Ladenburger C G, Hild A L, Kazmer D J, et al.2006. Soil salinity patterns in Tamarix invasions in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA. Journal of Arid Environments, 65(1): 111-128. | | [18] | Lesica P, DeLuca T H.2004. Is tamarisk allelopathic? Plant and Soil, 267(1-2): 357-365. | | [19] | Li J, Zhao C, Zhu H, et al.2007. Effect of plant species on shrub fertile island at an oasis-desert ecotone in the South Junggar Basin, China. Journal of Arid Environments, 71(4): 350-361. | | [20] | Li Z J, Sun W Y. 2015. Saline-Alkali Soil Agro-Ecological Engineering. Beijing: Science Press, 93-97. (in Chinese) | | [21] | Liu J T, Rong Q Q, Zhao Y Y.2017. Variations in soil nutrients and salinity caused by tamarisk in the coastal wetland of the Laizhou Bay, China. Ecosphere, 8(2): e01672, doi: 10.1002/ecs2.1672. | | [22] | Mounsif M, Wan C G, Sosebee R E.2002. Effects of top-soil drying on saltceder photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. Journal of Range Management, 55(1): 88-93. | | [23] | Nagler P L, Scott R L, Westenburg C, et al.2005. Evapotranspiration on Western U.S. rivers estimated using the Enhanced Vegetation Index from MODIS and data from eddy covariance and Bowen ratio flux towers. Remote Sensing of Environment, 97(3): 337-351. | | [24] | Návar J.1993. The causes of stemflow variation in three semi-arid growing species of northeastern Mexico. Journal of Hydrology, 145(1-2): 175-190. | | [25] | Nielsen D R, Bouma J.1985. Soil Spatial Variability. Wageningen: PUDOC Scientific Publishers, 2-30. | | [26] | Nippert J B, Butler J J Jr, Kluitenberg G J, et al.2010. Patterns of Tamarix water use during a record drought. Oecologia, 162(2): 283-292. | | [27] | Ohrtman M K, Sher A A, Lair K D.2012. Quantifying soil salinity in areas invaded by Tamarix spp. Journal of Arid Environments, 85: 114-121. | | [28] | Parkin T B.1993. Spatial variability of microbial processes in soil—a review. Journal of Environment Quality, 22(3): 409-417. | | [29] | Sala A, Smith S D, Devitt D A.1996. Water use by Tamarix ramosissima and associated phreatophytes in a Mojave desert floodplain. Ecological Applications, 6(3): 888-898. | | [30] | Schofield N J.1992. Tree planting for dryland salinity control in Australia. Agroforestry Systems, 20(1-2): 1-23. | | [31] | Shuyskaya E V, Rakhamkulova Z F, Lebedeva M P, et al.2017. Different mechanisms of ion homeostasis are dominant in the recretohalophyte Tamarix ramosissima under different soil salinity. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39(3): 81, doi: 10.1007/s11738-017-2379-8. | | [32] | Sookbirsingh R, Castillo K, Gill T E, et al.2010. Salt separation processes in the saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima (Ledeb.). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41(10): 1271-1281. | | [33] | Sou/Dakouré M Y, Mermoud A, Yacouba H, et al.2013. Impacts of irrigation with industrial treated wastewater on soil properties. Geoderma, 200-201: 31-39. | | [34] | Su Y Z, Wang X F, Yang R, et al.2012. Soil fertility, salinity and nematode diversity influenced by Tamarix ramosissima in different habitats in an arid desert oasis. Environmental Management, 50(2): 226-236. | | [35] | Wu G L, Jiang S W, Liu W Y, et al.2016. Competition between Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima seedlings under simulated high groundwater availability. Journal of Arid Land, 8(2):157-171. | | [36] | Wu Y Y, Liu R C, Zhao Y G, et al.2009. Spatial and seasonal variation of salt ions under the influence of halophytes, in a coastal flat in eastern China. Environmental Geology, 57(7): 1501-1508. | | [37] | Xia J B, Zhang S Y, Zhao X M, et al.2016. Effects of different groundwater depths on the distribution characteristics of soil-Tamarix water contents and salinity under saline mineralization conditions. CATENA, 142: 166-176. | | [38] | Yi L P, Wang Z W.2011. Root system characters in growth and distribution among three littoral halophytes. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(5): 1195-1202. (in Chinese) | | [39] | Yin C H, Feng G, Tian C Y, et al.2007. Influence of tamarisk shrub on the distribution of soil salinity and moisture on the edge of Taklamakan Desert. China Environmental Science, 27(5): 670-675. (in Chinese) | | [40] | Yin C H, Feng G, Zhang F S, et al.2010. Enrichment of soil fertility and salinity by tamarisk in saline soils on the northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert. Agricultural Water Management, 97(12): 1978-1986. | | [41] | Yin C H, Dong J Z, Shi Q M, et al.2012. Salt island effect of halophytic shrubs in different habitats and its ecological implication. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 49(2): 289-295. (in Chinese) | | [42] | Yu T F, Feng Q, Si J H, et al.2013. Patterns, magnitude, and controlling factors of hydraulic redistribution of soil water by Tamarix ramosissima roots. Journal of Arid Land, 5(3): 396-407. | | [43] | Zhang D Y, Yin L K, Pan B R.2002. Biological and ecological characteristics of Tamarix L. and its effect on the ecological environment. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 45(Suppl.): 18-22. | | [44] | Zhang H, Shi P J, Zheng Q H.2001. Research progress in relationship between shrub invasion and soil heterogeneity in a natural semi-arid grassland. Acta Phytoecological Sinica, 25(3): 366-370. (in Chinese) | | [45] | Zhang L H, Chen X B.2015. Characteristics of ‘salt island’ and ‘fertile island’ for Tamarix chinensis and soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry in saline-alkali land. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 26(3): 653-658. (in Chinese) | | [46] | Zhang L H, Chen P H, Li J, et al.2016. Distribution of soil salt ions around Tamarix chinensis individuals in the Yellow River Delta. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 36(18): 5741-5749. (in Chinese) | | [47] | Zhao Q Q, Bai J H, Liu Q, et al.2016. Spatial and seasonal variations of soil carbon and nitrogen content and stock in a tidal salt marsh with Tamarix chinensis, China. Wetlands, 36(Suppl.): 145-152. | | [48] | Zhou H, Zheng X J, Tang L S, et al.2013. Differences and similarities between water sources of Tamarix ramosissima, Nitraria sibirica and Reaumuria soongorica in the southeastern Junggar Basin. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 37(7): 665-673. (in Chinese) |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
