Water use characteristics of different pioneer shrubs at different ages in western Chinese Loess Plateau: Evidence from δ<sup>2</sup>H offset correction

doi:10.1007/s40333-022-0018-8

Journal of Arid Land

2022, Vol. 14

Issue (6): 653-672 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-022-0018-8

Research article

Water use characteristics of different pioneer shrubs at different ages in western Chinese Loess Plateau: Evidence from δ²H offset correction

ZHANG Yu¹^,², ZHANG Mingjun¹^,²^,^*(

), QU Deye¹^,², WANG Shengjie¹^,², Athanassios A ARGIRIOU³, WANG Jiaxin¹^,², YANG Ye¹^,²

¹College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
²Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
³Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Department of Physics, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece

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Abstract

Caragana korshinskii Kom. and Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. are pioneer shrubs for water and soil conservation, and for windbreak and sand fixation in arid and semi-arid areas. Understanding the water use characteristics of different pioneer shrubs at different ages is of great importance for their survival when extreme rainfall occurs. In recent years, the stable isotope tracing technique has been used in exploring the water use strategies of plants. However, the widespread δ²H offsets of stem water from its potential sources result in conflicting interpretations of water utilization of plants in arid and semi-arid areas. In this study, we used three sets of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data (δ²H and δ¹⁸O, corrected δ²H_{_c1}based on SW-excess and δ¹⁸O, and corrected δ²H_{_c2} based on -8.1‰ and δ¹⁸O) as inputs for the MixSIAR model to explore the water use characteristics of C. korshinskii and T. ramosissima at different ages and in response to rainfall. The results showed that δ²H_{_c1} and δ¹⁸O have the best performance, and the contribution rate of deep soil water was underestimated because of δ²H offset. During the dry periods, C. korshinskii and T. ramosissima at different ages both obtained mostly water from deeper soil layers. After rainfall, the proportions of surface (0-10 cm) and shallow (10-40 cm) soil water for C. korshinskii and T. ramosissima at different ages both increased. Nevertheless, there were different response mechanisms of these two plants for rainfall. In addition, C. korshinskii absorbed various potential water sources, while T. ramosissima only used deep water. These flexible water use characteristics of C. korshinskii and T. ramosissima might facilitate the coexistence of plants once extreme rainfall occurs. Thus, reasonable allocation of different plants may be a good vegetation restoration program in western Chinese Loess Plateau.

Key words： stable isotope Caragana korshinskii Tamarix ramosissima water uptake pattern isotope depletion

Received: 11 March 2022 Published: 30 June 2022

Corresponding Authors: * ZHANG Mingjun (E-mail: mjzhang2004@163.com)

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	ZHANG Yu
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	QU Deye
	WANG Shengjie
	Athanassios A ARGIRIOU
	WANG Jiaxin
	YANG Ye

Cite this article:

ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Mingjun, QU Deye, WANG Shengjie, Athanassios A ARGIRIOU, WANG Jiaxin, YANG Ye. Water use characteristics of different pioneer shrubs at different ages in western Chinese Loess Plateau: Evidence from δ²H offset correction. Journal of Arid Land, 2022, 14(6): 653-672.

URL:

http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-022-0018-8 OR http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2022/V14/I6/653

Fig. 1 Sample location on the western Chinese Loess Plateau (a) and sample sites of soil, xylem, and rainfall (b)

Table 1 Morphological traits of C. korshinskii and T. ramosissima at different ages

Fig. 2 Variations in the soil water content of juvenile C. korshinskii (a1-a3), intermediate C. korshinskii (b1-b3), adult C. korshinskii (c1-c3), juvenile T. ramosissima (d1-d3), intermediate T. ramosissima (e1-e3), and adult T. ramosissima (f1-f3)

Fig. 3 Relationships between δ²H and δ¹⁸O of rainfall, soil water, and plant xylem water for juvenile C. korshinskii (a), intermediate C. korshinskii (b), adult C. korshinskii (c), juvenile T. ramosissima (d), intermediate T. ramosissima (e), and adult T. ramosissima (f). SWL is the soil water line based on soil water isotope values, and LMWL is the local meteoric water line. GMWL (δ²H=8δ¹⁸O+10) is plotted for reference. Insets show the linear regression relationship between δ²H (δ²H, δ²H__c1, and δ²H__c2) and δ¹⁸O in plant xylem water.

Fig. 4 Temporal variation (a) and plant species difference (b) in SW-excess. The extents of the boxes show the 25^th and 75^th percentiles, whiskers show the range within 1.5IQR (interquartile range), and the black rhombus denote the outliers.

Fig. 5 Relative proportions of water sources used by juvenile C. korshinskii (a1-a3), intermediate C. korshinskii (b1-b3), and adult C. korshinskii (c1-c3) with the MixSIAR model based on δ²H and δ¹⁸O, δ²H__c1and δ¹⁸O, and δ²H__c2 and δ¹⁸O

Fig. 6 Relative proportions of water sources used by juvenile T. ramosissima (a1-a3), intermediate T. ramosissima (b1-b3), and adult T. ramosissima (c1-c3) with the MixSIAR model based on δ²H and δ¹⁸O, δ²H__c1and δ¹⁸O, and δ²H__c2 and δ¹⁸O

Table 2 Performance of water source contribution using three input datasets to the MixSIAR model

Table S1 Isotopic composition of different types of water body

Table S2 Contributions of three modes of data input to the MixSIAR model

Table S3 Contribution of the 0-40 cm soil water for C. korshinskii at different ages after rainfall

Table S4 Contribution of the 0-40 cm soil water for T. ramosissim at different ages after rainfall

Table S5 Correlation between contribution calculated by δ²H__c2 and δ¹⁸O input into the MixSIAR model and cumulative rainfall amount of 7 d before sampling

Fig. S1 Variation of monthly precipitation weighted δ²H and δ¹⁸O. No precipitation data in February, March, April, and November.

Fig. S2 Variation of soil water δ²H in juvenile C. korshinskii (a1-a3), intermediate C. korshinskii (b1-b3), adult C. korshinskii (c1-c3), and juvenile T. ramosissima (d1-d3), intermediate T. ramosissima (e1-e3), and adult T. ramosissima (f1-f3)

Fig. S3 Variation of soil water δ¹⁸O in juvenile C. korshinskii (a1-a3), intermediate C. korshinskii (b1-b3), adult C. korshinskii (c1-c3), juvenile T. ramosissima (d1-d3), intermediate T. ramosissima (e1-e3), and adult T. ramosissima (f1-f3)

Fig. S4 Linear regression relationship between δ²H and δ¹⁸O in soil water after rainfall on 17-18 July and 23 August in juvenile, intermediate, and adult C. korshinskii (a-c), and juvenile, intermediate, and adult T. ramosissima (d-f). LMWL is the local meteoric water line.


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