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Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2022, Vol. 14 Issue (5): 537-549    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-022-0017-9     CSTR: 32276.14.s40333-022-0017-9
Research article     
Application of biocementation technique using Bacillus sphaericus for stabilization of soil surface and dust storm control
Davood NAMDAR-KHOJASTEH1,*(), Masoud BAZGIR2, Seyed Abdollah HASHEMI BABAHEIDARI3, Akwasi B ASUMADU-SAKYI4
1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran 3319118651, Iran
2Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam 6931863949, Iran
3Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran 3319118651, Iran
4International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Abstract  

Dust emission and wind erosion are widespread phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions, which have far-reaching harmful effects to the environment. This study aimed to use microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) method with Bacillus sphaericus to reduce soil losses that occur in a dust-producing area due to wind erosion in the Ilam Province, Iran. Soil samples at the 0-30 cm depth were used and sterilized in an autoclave for 2 h at 121°C and 103 kPa. Approximately 3 kg soils were weighed and poured in the 35 cm×35 cm×3 cm trays. Different treatments included two levels of B. sphaericus (0.0 and 0.5 OD), three levels of suspension volume (123, 264, and 369 mL), two levels of urea-chloride cementation solution (0.0 and 0.5 M), and two levels of bacterial spray (once and twice spray). After 28 d, soil properties such as soil mass loss, penetration resistance, and aggregate stability were measured. The results showed a low soil mass loss (1 g) in F14 formulation (twice bacterial spray+264 mL suspension volume+without cementation solution) and a high soil mass loss (246 g) in F5 formulation (without bacteria+264 mL suspension volume+0.5 M cementation solution). The highest (42.55%) and the lowest (19.47%) aggregate stabilities were observed in F16 and F7 formulations, respectively, and the highest penetration resistance (3.328 kg/cm2) was observed in F18 formulation. According to the final results, we recommended the formulation with twice bacterial spray, 0.5 M cementation solution, and 269 mL suspension volume as the best combination for soil surface stabilization. Furthermore, this method is environmentally friendly because it has no adverse effects on soil, water, and plants, thus, it would be an efficient approach to stabilize soil surface.

Key words： soil stabilization      microbial cementation      calcium carbonate      bacteria      penetration resistance     
Received: 17 February 2022      Published: 31 May 2022
Corresponding Authors: *: Davood NAMDAR-KHOJASTEH (E-mail: d.namdar@shahed.ac.ir)
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Davood NAMDAR-KHOJASTEH
Masoud BAZGIR
Seyed Abdollah HASHEMI BABAHEIDARI
Akwasi B ASUMADU-SAKYI
Cite this article:

Davood NAMDAR-KHOJASTEH, Masoud BAZGIR, Seyed Abdollah HASHEMI BABAHEIDARI, Akwasi B ASUMADU-SAKYI. Application of biocementation technique using Bacillus sphaericus for stabilization of soil surface and dust storm control. Journal of Arid Land, 2022, 14(5): 537-549.

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http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-022-0017-9     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2022/V14/I5/537

Combination Treatment Combination Treatment
No. of spray Solution volume (mL) Urea-chloride cementation solution (M) Bacteria (OD) No. of spray Solution volume (mL) Urea-chloride cementation solution (M) Bacteria (OD)
1 123 0.5 0.5 F10 1 123 0.0 0.0 F1
1 264 0.5 0.5 F11 1 264 0.0 0.0 F2
1 369 0.5 0.5 F12 1 369 0.0 0.0 F3
2 123 0.0 0.5 F13 1 123 0.5 0.0 F4
2 264 0.0 0.5 F14 1 264 0.5 0.0 F5
2 369 0.0 0.5 F15 1 369 0.5 0.0 F6
2 123 0.5 0.5 F16 1 123 0.0 0.5 F7
2 264 0.5 0.5 F17 1 264 0.0 0.5 F8
2 369 0.5 0.5 F18 1 369 0.0 0.5 F9
Table 1 Combination of different formulations
Fig. 1 Preparation of samples.
(a), laboratory environment; (b), incubator.
Fig. 2 Portable wind tunnel used in the study
Fig. 3 Effect of different levels of cementation solution
(a) and solution volume (b) on soil mass loss. C0t, without cementation solution or 0 M; C1t, 0.5 M cementation solution. WC1t, total solution volume of 123 mL; WC2t, total solution volume of 264 mL; WC3t, total solution volume of 369 mL.
Fig. 4 Effect of bacterial concentration on soil mass loss. WBt, without bacteria; BS1t, 0.5 OD bacteria with once spray; BS2t, 0.5 OD bacteria with twice spray. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level. OD, optical density.
Fig. 5 Effects of different formulations on soil mass loss. The right-hand ordinate shows the value of F5 formulation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among formulations at P<0.05 level. The detailed explanation of formulations is presented in Table 1.
Fig. 6 Effect of different levels of cementation solution
(a) and solution volume (b) on aggregate stability. C0t, without cementation solution or 0.0 M; C1t, 0.5 M cementation solution; WC1t, total solution volume of 123 mL; WC2t, total solution volume of 264 mL; WC3t, total solution volume of 369 mL.
Fig. 7 Effect of different bacterial concentrations on aggregate stability. WBt, without bacteria; BS1t, 0.5 OD bacteria with once spray; BS2t, 0.5 OD bacteria with twice spray; OD, optical density.
Fig. 8 Effect of different formulations on aggregate stability. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among formulations at P<0.05 level. The detailed explanation of formulations is presented in Table 1.
Fig. 9 Effect of different levels of cementation solution
(a) and solution volume (b) on penetration resistance. C0t, without cementation solution or 0.0 M; C1t, 0.5 M cementation solution; WC1t, total solution volume of 123 mL; WC2t, total solution volume of 264 mL; WC3t, total solution volume of 369 mL.
Fig. 10 Effect of bacterial concentration on penetration resistance. WBt, without bacteria; BS1t, 0.5 OD bacteria with once spray; BS2t, 0.5 OD bacteria with twice sprays; OD, optical density.
Fig. 11 Effect of different formulations on penetration resistance. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among formulations at P<0.05 level. The detailed explanation of formulations is presented in Table 1.
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