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Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2024, Vol. 16 Issue (9): 1183-1196    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0107-y

CSTR: 32276.14.JAL.0240107y

Research article     
Spatio-temporal evolution analysis of landscape pattern and habitat quality in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022 based on InVEST model
ZHENG Guoqiang1,2, Li Cunxiu2, LI Runjie3,*(), LUO Jing2, FAN Chunxia2, ZHU Hailing2
1College of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
2Qinghai Engineering Consulting Center Co., Ltd., Xining 810001, China
3Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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Abstract  

Habitat quality is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of ecosystem. The Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin plays an important role in the ecological protection of the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin. To comprehensively analysis the alterations of habitat quality in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin, this study utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to calculate the habitat quality index and analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of habitat quality in the study area from 2000 to 2022, and calculated seven landscape pattern indices (number of patches, patch density, largest patch index (LPI), landscape shape index (LSI), contagion index (CONTAG), Shannon diversity index, and Shannon evenness index) to research the variation of landscape pattern in the study area. The results showed that the number of patches, patch density, LPI, LSI, Shannon diversity index, and Shannon evenness index increased from 2000 to 2022, while the CONTAG decreased, indicating that the landscape pattern in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin changed in the direction of distribution fragmentation, shape complexity, and heterogeneity. The average value of the habitat quality index in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022 was 0.90. Based on the value of habitat quality index, we divided the level of habitat quality into five categories: lower (0.00-0.20), low (0.20-0.40), moderate (0.40-0.60), high (0.60-0.80), and higher (0.80-1.00). Most areas were at the higher habitat quality level. The lower habitat quality patches were mainly distributed in Longyang Gorge and Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley. From 2000 to 2022, the habitat quality in most areas was stable; the increase areas were mainly distributed in Guinan County, while the decrease areas were mainly distributed in Xining City, Maqen County, Xinghai County, Qumarleb County, and Darlag County. To show the extent of habitat quality variation, we calculated Sen index. The results showed that the higher habitat quality area had a decrease trending, while other categories had an increasing tendency, and the decreasing was faster than increasing. The research results provide scientific guidance for promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin.

Key words： InVEST model      landscape pattern index      habitat quality      largest patch index      landscape shape index      Shannon evenness index     
Received: 11 May 2024      Published: 30 September 2024
CLC:  32276.14.JAL.0240107y  
Corresponding Authors: *LI Runjie (E-mail: rjl@126.com)
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ZHENG Guoqiang
Li Cunxiu
LI Runjie
LUO Jing
FAN Chunxia
ZHU Hailing
Cite this article:

ZHENG Guoqiang, Li Cunxiu, LI Runjie, LUO Jing, FAN Chunxia, ZHU Hailing. Spatio-temporal evolution analysis of landscape pattern and habitat quality in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022 based on InVEST model. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(9): 1183-1196.

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http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-024-0107-y     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2024/V16/I9/1183

Fig. 1 Location of the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin, China. 1, Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County; 2, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County; 3, Huangyuan County; 4, Huangzhong County; 5, Xining City; 6, Pingan District; 7, Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County; 8, Hualong Hui Autonomous County; 9, Jainca County; 10, Xunhua Salar Autonomous County; 11, Henan Mongolian Autonomous County; 12, Baima County.
Threat factor Maximum impact distance (km) Weight Type of recession Reference
Construction land 10 1.0 Linear Hou et al. (2024)
Cultivated land 8 0.7 Exponential Pan et al. (2022)
Unused land 5 0.3 Exponential Wang and Sun (2024)
Table 1 Threat factors of habitat quality selected by this study
Land use type Habitat suitability Habitat sensitivity
Cultivated land Construction land Unused land
Cultivated land 0.40 0.00 0.40 0.40
Forest 1.00 0.70 0.80 0.50
Grassland 1.00 0.70 0.75 0.60
Water body 0.80 0.65 0.70 0.30
Glacier 1.00 0.00 0.80 0.30
Unused land 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Construction land 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
Wetland 1.00 0.70 0.90 0.40
Table 2 Habitat suitability and sensitivity to threat factors for different land use types
Year Number of patches Patch density (patches/hm2) LPI (%) LSI CONTAG Shannon diversity index Shannon evenness index
2000 47,016 0.3111 87.73 81.5409 80.7507 0.5137 0.2470
2005 46,040 0.3046 88.05 78.9123 81.1027 0.5068 0.2437
2010 47,825 0.3164 87.77 80.4385 80.5832 0.5214 0.2507
2015 45,658 0.3021 87.95 79.1291 80.9037 0.5130 0.2467
2020 46,268 0.3061 87.65 82.6330 80.3702 0.5248 0.2524
2022 47,518 0.3144 88.01 82.5149 80.4614 0.5210 0.2505
Table 3 Change in landscape pattern index in the Qinghai Province section in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022
Year Lower
habitat quality		 Low
habitat quality		 Moderate
habitat quality		 High
habitat quality		 Higher
habitat quality
Area
(km2)		 Percentage
(%)		 Area
(km2)		 Percentage
(%)		 Area
(km2)		 Percentage
(%)		 Area
(km2)		 Percentage
(%)		 Area
(km2)		 Percentage
(%)
2000 3608 2.38 5094 3.36 5412 3.56 6351 4.18 131,362 86.52
2005 3426 2.23 4956 3.23 5372 3.50 6541 4.26 133,272 86.78
2010 3213 2.11 5115 3.36 5046 3.32 6318 4.15 132,385 87.05
2015 3867 2.52 5095 3.32 4987 3.25 6704 4.37 132,914 86.55
2020 4738 3.12 5103 3.36 4899 3.23 7001 4.61 130,085 85.68
2022 4572 3.02 5351 3.54 5019 3.32 7271 4.81 128,930 85.30
Table 4 Area of different levels of habitat quality in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of habitat quality in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin in 2000 (a), 2005 (b), 2010 (c), 2015 (d), 2020 (e), and 2022 (f)
Period Percentage of area change (%)
Lower habitat quality Low habitat quality Moderate habitat quality High habitat quality Higher habitat quality
2000-2005 -0.15 -0.13 -0.06 0.08 0.26
2005-2010 -0.12 0.13 -0.18 -0.11 0.27
2010-2015 0.41 -0.04 -0.07 0.22 -0.50
2015-2020 0.60 0.04 -0.02 0.24 -0.87
2020-2022 -0.10 0.18 0.09 0.20 -0.38
Sen index 0.082 0.053 0.046 0.059 -0.242
Table 5 Change of area of different levels of habitat quality in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022
Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of habitat quality transition process in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022. 1, Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County; 2, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County; 3, Huangyuan County; 4, Huangzhong County; 5, Xining City; 6, Pingan District; 7, Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County; 8, Hualong Hui Autonomous County; 9, Jainca County; 10, Xunhua Salar Autonomous County; 11, Henan Mongolian Autonomous County; 12, Baima County.
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