Germination strategies of annual and short-lived perennial species in the Arabian Desert

doi:10.1007/s40333-020-0023-8

Journal of Arid Land

2020, Vol. 12

Issue (6): 1071-1082 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-020-0023-8 CSTR: 32276.14.s40333-020-0023-8

Research article

Germination strategies of annual and short-lived perennial species in the Arabian Desert

Arvind BHATT¹, David J GALLACHER²^,^*(

), Paulo R M SOUZA-FILHO³

¹Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
²School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri NSW 2390, Australia
³Multidisciplinary Center of Barra, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barra 47100-000, Brazil

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Abstract

Germination timing is highly regulated in short-lived plant species since it strongly influences recruitment success of vegetation. In deserts, the spatiotemporal distribution of plant-available water is highly episodic and unpredictable, making winter months more favorable for seed germination when other abiotic conditions co-occur. We hypothesized that changes in photoperiod and thermoperiod would impact germination more in seeds that had undergone in situ storage. We assessed 21 annual and short-lived perennial species in the Arabian Desert to find (1) if seeds were dormant at maturity, (2) if in situ seed storage increased germination percentage compared with no storage, (3) if photoperiod and thermoperiod germination requirements were influenced by in situ storage, and (4) if a phylogenetic association in seed germination could be observed. Seeds of each species collected in early 2017 were divided into two batches. One was tested for germination within one week (fresh seeds). The other was stored in situ at the maternal location (stored seeds) until October 2017 and tested for seed germination in the first week of November. Seed germination was conducted in incubators at two thermoperiods (15°C/20°C and 20°C/30°C; 12 h/12 h), and two photoperiods (12 and 0 h light per day). Results indicated that seed germination percentages of 13 species were significantly enhanced by in situ storage. A thermoperiod response was exhibited by stored, but not fresh seeds. Light exposure increased germination of fresh seeds but had only a minimal effect on stored seeds. Germination traits exhibited no phylogenetic correlation. This result indicated that selection pressure for germination strategy was stronger than that for taxonomic traits of these desert species.

Key words： desert species dormancy germination light temperature phylogeny

Received: 09 March 2020 Published: 10 November 2020

Corresponding Authors:

About author: *David J GALLACHER (E-mail: d.gallacher@sydney.edu.au)

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Cite this article:

Arvind BHATT, David J GALLACHER, Paulo R M SOUZA-FILHO. Germination strategies of annual and short-lived perennial species in the Arabian Desert. Journal of Arid Land, 2020, 12(6): 1071-1082.

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http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-020-0023-8 OR http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2020/V12/I6/1071

Family/species	Life form	Mohth	Location	Latitude	Longitude
Amaranthaceae
Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. Ex J.F.Gmel.	Perennial	April	Coast	28°54′19″N	48°13′22″E
Asteraceae
Calendula arvensis L.	Annual	April	Peri-urban	29°09′47″N	47°41′28″E
Boraginaceae
Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forsk.) I. M. Johnst.	Perennial	May	Peri-urban	29°09′31″N	47°38′09″E
Brassicaceae
Horwoodia dicksoniae Turrill	Annual	May	Peri-urban	29°09′29″N	47°38′11″E
Savignya parviflora (Delile) Webb	Annual	March	Peri-urban	29°09′46″N	47°41′28″E
Brassica tournefortii Gouan	Annual	April	Peri-urban	29°09′41″N	47°41′35″E
Caryophyllaceae
Gypsophila capillaris (Forsk.) C. Chr.	Annual	May	Peri-urban	29°09′44″N	47°41′26″E
Silene arabica Boiss.	Annual	March	Peri-urban	29°09′47″N	47°41′28″E
Silene villosa Forsk.	Annual	May	Peri-urban	29°09′35″N	47°41′32″E
Cistaceae
Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum. Courset	Perennial	April	Peri-urban	29°09′51″N	47°41′43″E
Liliaceae
Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.	Annual	March	Peri-urban	29°09′45''N	47°41′34″E
Malvaceae
Malva parviflora L.	Annual	May	Peri-urban	29°09′34″N	47°41'34″E
Poaceae
Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees	Perennial	May	Inland	29°09′26″N	47°09′26″E
Panicum acuminatum Sw.	Perennial	May	Peri-urban	29°09′46″N	47°36′28″E
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.	Annual	May	Peri-urban	29°09′46″N	47°36′37″E
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.	Annual	May	Peri-urban	29°09′51″N	47°41′32″E
Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau	Annual	May	Coast	28°56′23″N	48°11′35″E
Polygonaceae
Rumex vesicarius L.	Annual	May	Peri-urban	29°09′50″N	47°41′32″E
Resedaceae
Reseda arabica Boiss.	Annual	March	Peri-urban	29°09′46″N	47°41′28″E
Rutaceae
Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forsk.) Ad. Juss.	Perennial	May	Coast	28°52′31″N	48°17′30″E
Zygophyllaceae
Peganum harmala L.	Perennial	June	Peri-urban	29°09′50″N	47°41′05″E

Table 1 Species collected, and date and location of seeds collection

Table 2 Coefficients of generalized linear mixed model of in situ storage, thermoperiod, photoperiod and their interactions

Table 3 Seed germination percentage for each species, ordered by clustered groups

Fig. 1 Classification of species using clustering of seed germination under different seed storage (fresh and in situ stored seeds) and germination conditions of light (12 and 0 h per day) and temperature (15°C/20°C and 20°C/30°C)

Fig. 2 Number of days to 50% germination of fresh and in situ stored seeds under 15°C/20°C and 20°C/30°C temperatures

Fig. 3 Principal component analysis (PCA) of germination parameters of the species under different seed storage (fresh and in situ stored seeds) and germination conditions of light (12 and 0 h per day) and temperature (15°C/20°C and 20°C/30°C). Group results of plant species can be found in Figure 1.


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