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Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2021, Vol. 13 Issue (7): 744-758    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-021-0013-5
Research article     
Size- and leaf age-dependent effects on the photosynthetic and physiological responses of Artemisia ordosica to drought stress
WANG Chunyuan1,2, YU Minghan1,2,*(), DING Guodong1,2,*(), GAO Guanglei1,2, ZHANG Linlin2, HE Yingying2, LIU Wei2
1Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Abstract  

Drought is one of the most significant natural disasters in the arid and semi-arid areas of China. Populations or plant organs often differ in their responses to drought and other adversities at different growth stages. At present, little is known about the size- and leaf age-dependent differences in the mechanisms of shrub-related drought resistance in the deserts of China. Here, we evaluated the photosynthetic and physiological responses of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. to drought stress using a field experiment in Mu Us Sandy Land, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China in 2018. Rainfall was manipulated by installing outdoor shelters, with four rainfall treatments applied to 12 plots (5 m×5 m). There were four rainfall levels, including a control and rainfall reductions of 30%, 50% and 70%, each with three replications. Taking individual crown size as the dividing basis, we measured the responses of A. ordosica photosynthetic and physiological responses to drought at different growth stages, i.e., large-sized (>0.5 m2) and small-sized (≤0.5 m2) plants. The leaves of A. ordosica were divided into old leaves and young leaves for separate measurement. Results showed that: (1) under drought stress, the transfer efficiency of light energy captured by antenna pigments to the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center decreased, and the heat dissipation capacity increased simultaneously. To resist the photosynthetic system damage caused by drought, A. ordosica enhanced its free radical scavenging capacity by activating its antioxidant enzyme system; and (2) growth stage and leaf age had effects on the reaction of the photosynthetic system to drought. Small A. ordosica plants could not withstand severe drought stress (70% rainfall reduction), whereas large A. ordosica individuals could absorb deep soil water to ensure their survival in severe drought stressed condition. Under 30% and 50% rainfall reduction conditions, young leaves had a greater ability to resist drought than old leaves, whereas the latter were more resistant to severe drought stress. The response of A. ordosica photosynthetic system reflected the trade-off at different growth stages and leaf ages of photosynthetic production under different degrees of drought. This study provides a more comprehensive and systematic perspective for understanding the drought resistance mechanisms of desert plants.

Key words： drought stress      age difference      plant size      photosynthesis      physiological response      survival strategy     
Received: 22 October 2020      Published: 10 July 2021
Corresponding Authors:
About author: DING Guodong (E-mail: dch1999@263.net)
*YU Minghan(E-mail: yuminghan@bjfu.edu.cn);
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Chunyuan WANG
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Cite this article:

WANG Chunyuan, YU Minghan, DING Guodong, GAO Guanglei, ZHANG Linlin, HE Yingying, LIU Wei. Size- and leaf age-dependent effects on the photosynthetic and physiological responses of Artemisia ordosica to drought stress. Journal of Arid Land, 2021, 13(7): 744-758.

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http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-021-0013-5     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2021/V13/I7/744

Fig. 1 Soil water content at a depth of 55 cm under different rainfall treatments. Rainfall treatments of -70%, -50% and -30% mean the rainfall reduction percentages of natural rainfall. Control, natural rainfall. Bars are standard errors.
Fig. 2 Water use efficiency (WUE) in the leaves of A. ordosica under different rainfall treatments. Bars are standard errors. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different rainfall treatments at P<0.05 level.
Fig. 3 Total chlorophyll content (a), net photosynthetic rate (Pn, b), transpiration rate (Tr, c), stomatal conductance (Gs, d) and inter cellular CO2 concentration (Ci, e) in the leaves of A. ordosica under different rainfall treatments. Bars are standard errors. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different rainfall treatments at P<0.05 level.
Fig. 4 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, φPSII, NPQ and qP; a-d) in the leaves of A. ordosica under different rainfall treatments. Fv/Fm, maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry; φPSII, effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; qP, photochemical quenching. Bars are standard errors. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different rainfall treatments at P<0.05 level.
Fig. 5 Antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves of A. ordosica under different rainfall treatments. (a), SOD (superoxide dismutase); (b), POD (peroxidase); (c), CAT (catalase); (d), MDA (malondialdehyde). Bars are standard errors. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different rainfall treatments at P<0.05 level.
F P F P
WUE 6.808 0.002 φPSⅡ 136.484 <0.001
Chlorophyll content 10.192 <0.001 NPQ 28.819 <0.001
Pn 64.888 <0.001 qP 20.487 <0.001
Tr 32.230 <0.001 SOD 26.681 <0.001
Gs 26.619 <0.001 POD 41.528 <0.001
Ci 5.110 0.002 CAT 71.819 <0.001
Fv/Fm 25.437 <0.001 MDA 6.625 <0.001
Table 1 Effects of drought stress on WUE, chlorophyll content, Pn, Tr, Gs, Ci, Fv/Fm, φPSII, NPQ, qP, SOD, POD, CAT and MDA of A. ordosica
Fig. 6 Total chlorophyll contents of the leaves of large (a) and small (b) A. ordosica plants at different ages under different rainfall treatments. Bars are standard errors. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences of old leaves between different growth stages within the same rainfall treatment at P<0.05 level. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of young leaves between different growth stages within the same rainfall treatment at P<0.05 level. * indicates significant difference between old and young leaves at P<0.05 level.
Fig. 7 Chlorophyll a/b of the leaves of large (a) and small (b) A. ordosica plants at different ages under different rainfall treatments. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences of old leaves between different growth stages within the same rainfall treatment at P<0.05 level. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of young leaves between different growth stages within the same rainfall treatment at P<0.05 level. * indicates significant difference between old and young leaves at P<0.05 level.
Fig. 8 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm (a, b), φPSII (c, d), NPQ (e, f) and qP (g, h)) of the leaves of large and small A. ordosica plants at different ages under different rainfall treatments. Bars are standard errors. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences of old leaves between different growth stages within the same rainfall treatment at P<0.05 level. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of young leaves between different growth stages within the same rainfall treatment at P<0.05 level. * indicates significant difference between old and young leaves at P<0.05 level.
Fig. 9 Antioxidant enzyme activities of the leaves of large and small A. ordosica plants at different ages under different rainfall treatments. SOD, superoxide dismutase (a, b); POD, peroxidase (c, d); CAT, catalase (e, f); MDA, malondialdehyde (g, h). Bars are standard errors. Different uppercase letters indicate significance of old leaves between different growth stages within the same rainfall treatment at P<0.05 level. Different lowercase letters indicate significance of young leaves between different growth stages within the same rainfall treatment at P<0.05 level. * indicates significant difference between old and young leaves at P<0.05 level.
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