Please wait a minute...
Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2022, Vol. 14 Issue (3): 245-261    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-022-0062-4     CSTR: 32276.14.s40333-022-0062-4
Research article     
Effects of climate change and land use/cover change on the volume of the Qinghai Lake in China
WANG Hongwei1,*(), QI Yuan1, LIAN Xihong2, ZHANG Jinlong1, YANG Rui1, ZHANG Meiting3
1Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
2School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
3Qinghai Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining 810007, China
Download: HTML     PDF(1407KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      

Abstract  

Qinghai Lake is the largest saline lake in China. The change in the lake volume is an indicator of the variation in water resources and their response to climate change on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) in China. The present study quantitatively evaluated the effects of climate change and land use/cover change (LUCC) on the lake volume of the Qinghai Lake in China from 1958 to 2018, which is crucial for water resources management in the Qinghai Lake Basin. To explore the effects of climate change and LUCC on the Qinghai Lake volume, we analyzed the lake level observation data and multi-period land use/land cover (LULC) data by using an improved lake volume estimation method and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model. Our results showed that the lake level decreased at the rate of 0.08 m/a from 1958 to 2004 and increased at the rate of 0.16 m/a from 2004 to 2018. The lake volume decreased by 105.40×108 m3 from 1958 to 2004, with the rate of 2.24×108 m3/a, whereas it increased by 74.02×108 m3 from 2004 to 2018, with the rate of 4.66×108 m3/a. Further, the climate of the Qinghai Lake Basin changed from warm-dry to warm-humid. From 1958 to 2018, the increase in precipitation and the decrease in evaporation controlled the change of the lake volume, which were the main climatic factors affecting the lake volume change. From 1977 to 2018, the measured water yield showed an "increase-decrease-increase" fluctuation in the Qinghai Lake Basin. The effects of climate change and LUCC on the measured water yield were obviously different. From 1977 to 2018, the contribution rate of LUCC was -0.76% and that of climate change was 100.76%; the corresponding rates were 8.57% and 91.43% from 1977 to 2004, respectively, and -4.25% and 104.25% from 2004 to 2018, respectively. Quantitative analysis of the effects and contribution rates of climate change and LUCC on the Qinghai Lake volume revealed the scientific significance of climate change and LUCC, as well as their individual and combined effects in the Qinghai Lake Basin and on the QTP. This study can contribute to the water resources management and regional sustainable development of the Qinghai Lake Basin.

Key words： climate change      land use/cover change      water yield      lake volume      contribution rate      Qinghai Lake Basin      Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau     
Received: 11 August 2021      Published: 31 March 2022
Corresponding Authors: *WANG Hongwei (E-mail: wanghw@lzb.ac.cn)
Service
E-mail this article
Add to my bookshelf
Add to citation manager
E-mail Alert
RSS
Articles by authors
WANG Hongwei
QI Yuan
LIAN Xihong
ZHANG Jinlong
YANG Rui
ZHANG Meiting
Cite this article:

WANG Hongwei, QI Yuan, LIAN Xihong, ZHANG Jinlong, YANG Rui, ZHANG Meiting. Effects of climate change and land use/cover change on the volume of the Qinghai Lake in China. Journal of Arid Land, 2022, 14(3): 245-261.

URL:

http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-022-0062-4     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2022/V14/I3/245

Fig. 1 Overview of the Qinghai Lake Basin. DEM, digital elevation model.
Fig. 2 Changes in the annual lake level of the Qinghai Lake from 1958 to 2018
Fig. 3 Fitting curve of the relationship between the lake area and lake level of the Qinghai Lake. A, lake area; L, lake level; N, the number of years. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 4 Lake volume change curves of the Qinghai Lake from 1958 to 2018. The cumulative lake volume change is the change in the lake volume in every year relative to the year 1958. The yearly lake volume change is the change in the lake volume in every year relative to the previous year.
Fig. 5 Changes in the climatic factors of the Qinghai Lake Basin from 1958 to 2018. (a), temperature; (b), precipitation; (c), evaporation; (d), relative humidity; (e), wind speed; (f), sunshine duration.
Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of land use/land cover (LULC) of the Qinghai Lake Basin in 1977 (a), 1987 (b), 2000 (c), 2004 (d), 2010 (e), and 2018 (f)
LULC Area (km2)
1977 1987 2000 2004 2010 2018
Cultivated land Paddy field 0.65 2.25 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.21
Dryland 300.98 416.31 450.74 453.18 453.30 450.33
Woodland Forest land 64.72 63.87 63.09 62.99 62.99 63.89
Shrubland 324.28 320.42 306.79 312.12 309.03 332.45
Sparse woods 103.63 102.22 101.50 101.51 101.51 96.04
Grassland High coverage grassland 3409.73 3307.93 3216.48 3249.88 3255.08 3540.54
Moderate coverage grassland 8888.12 8876.67 8803.46 8774.94 8752.46 8431.20
Low coverage grassland 6508.78 6501.11 6579.98 6604.34 6612.59 6614.44
Water bodies Graff 443.23 449.55 443.82 443.05 442.69 455.59
Lake 4468.70 4346.80 4306.84 4277.01 4330.87 4528.26
Glaciers and snow cover 450.90 399.86 411.39 370.89 326.16 225.48
Bottomland 211.55 218.16 222.68 235.51 243.08 193.48
Construction land Urban land 1.05 1.89 3.05 3.51 6.47 12.83
Rural area 6.22 11.65 17.87 23.38 30.07 30.01
Other built land 0.14 0.20 0.47 0.62 1.71 15.39
Unused land Desert 499.15 602.32 647.75 640.22 568.42 503.03
Saline-alkali land 21.88 35.10 40.09 43.43 42.05 21.48
Wetland 2455.20 2478.85 2456.61 2450.53 2459.48 2445.39
Bare rock 3.85 3.85 3.85 3.85 6.20 4.90
Other unused land 1508.01 1531.77 1593.63 1619.15 1665.97 1705.84
Table 1 Areas of the land use/land cover (LULC) types in the Qinghai Lake Basin in 1977, 1987, 2000, 2004, 2010, and 2018
Fig. 7 Spatial distribution of the measured water yield of the Qinghai Lake Basin in 1977 (a), 1987 (b), 2000 (c), 2004 (d), 2010 (e), and 2018 (f)
Period Water yield change (×108 m3) Contribution rate (%)
Measured Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Rp Rl
1977-1987 5.67 5.61 0.57 90.78 9.22
1987-2000 -4.81 -4.97 0.90 122.11 -22.11
2000-2004 5.95 5.87 -0.86 117.17 -17.17
2004-2010 3.99 3.86 -0.45 113.20 -13.20
2010-2018 16.48 16.02 -0.36 102.30 -2.30
1977-2004 6.81 6.51 0.61 91.43 8.57
2004-2018 20.47 19.88 -0.81 104.25 -4.25
1977-2018 27.28 26.39 -0.20 100.76 -0.76
Table 2 Changes of the measured water yield under different scenarios and contribution rates of climate change and land use/cover change (LUCC) to the water yield of the Qinghai Lake Basin in different time periods
Climatic factor 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1958-2004 2004-2018 1958-2018
Temperature -0.51 -0.40 -0.07 0.18 0.44 0.02 -0.14 0.11 0.29*
Precipitation 0.78** 0.67* 0.69* 0.63* 0.50 0.55 0.67** 0.58* 0.72**
Evaporation -0.67** -0.58 -0.88** -0.20 -0.37 -0.26 -0.64** -0.08 -0.66**
Relative humidity 0.66* 0.86** 0.75* 0.48 -0.52 0.62 0.56** 0.49 0.30*
Wind speed -0.13 -0.35 -0.66* -0.48 -0.24 -0.30 -0.31* -0.35 -0.55**
Sunshine duration -0.40 -0.78** -0.81** -0.26 -0.56 -0.27 -0.45** -0.21 -0.59**
Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficients of the lake volume change with different climatic factors in the Qinghai Lake Basin in different time periods
LULC Area Area change Measured water yield Measured water yield change
Cultivated land 0.54 -1.00* 0.37 0.30
Woodland -0.26 0.80 0.14 0.30
Grassland -0.89* 0.60 0.71 0.30
Water bodies -0.43 0.90* 0.03 0.50
Construction land 0.89* 0.70 0.71 0.90*
Unused land 0.37 -1.00* 0.71 0.50
Table 4 Spearman correlation coefficients of the lake volume change with the area and measured water yield of different LULC types
[1]   Adrian R, O'Reilly C M, Zagarese H, et al. 2009. Lakes as sentinels of climate change. Limnol Oceanogr, 54(6): 2283-2297.
doi: 10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2283 pmid: 20396409
[2]   Budyko M I. 1974. Climate and Life. San Diego: Academic Press, 1-508.
[3]   Cui B L, Li X Y. 2016. The impact of climate changes on water level of Qinghai Lake in China over the past 50 years. Hydrology Research, 47(2): 532-542.
doi: 10.2166/nh.2015.237
[4]   da Costa M R A, Attayde J L, Becker V. 2016. Effects of water level reduction on the dynamics of phytoplankton functional groups in tropical semi-arid shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia, 778(1): 75-89.
doi: 10.1007/s10750-015-2593-6
[5]   Duan A M, Xiao Z X. 2015. Does the climate warming hiatus exist over the Tibetan Plateau? Scientific Reports, 5: 13711, doi: 10.1038/srep13711.
doi: 10.1038/srep13711
[6]   Duan Z, Bastiaanssen W G M. 2013. Estimating water volume variations in lakes and reservoirs from four operational satellite altimetry databases and satellite imagery data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 134: 403-416.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2013.03.010
[7]   Han W X, Huang C L, Wang Y C, et al. 2019. Study on the area variation of Qinghai Lake based on long-term Landsat 5/ 8 multi-band remote sensing imagery. Advances in Earth Science, 34(4): 346-355. (in Chinese)
[8]   Jin Z D, You C F, Wang Y, et al. 2010. Hydrological and solute budgets of Lake Qinghai, the largest lake on the Tibetan Plateau. Quaternary International, 218(1-2): 151-156.
doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.11.024
[9]   Jin Z D, Zhang F, Wang H L, et al. 2013. The reasons of rising water level in Lake Qinghai since 2005. Journal of Earth Environment, 4(3): 1355-1362. (in Chinese)
[10]   Kendall M G. 1975. Rank Correlation Methods. London: Charles Griffin, 1-202.
[11]   Kraemer B M, Seimon A, Adrian R, et al. 2020. Worldwide lake level trends and responses to background climate variation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 24(5): 2593-2608.
doi: 10.5194/hess-24-2593-2020
[12]   Lang Y Q, Song W, Zhang Y. 2017. Responses of the water-yield ecosystem service to climate and land use change in Sancha River Basin, China. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 101: 102-111.
doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2017.06.003
[13]   Lehnherr I, St Louis V L, Sharp M, et al. 2018. The world's largest High Arctic Lake responds rapidly to climate warming. Nature Communications, 9(1): 1290, doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03685-z.
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03685-z pmid: 29599477
[14]   Lei Y B, Yao T D, Yang K, et al. 2017. Lake seasonality across the Tibetan Plateau and their varying relationship with regional mass changes and local hydrology. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(2): 892-900.
doi: 10.1002/grl.v44.2
[15]   Li L, Shen H Y, Liu C H, et al. 2020. Response of water level fluctuation to climate warming and wetting scenarios and its mechanism on Qinghai Lake. Climate Change Research, 16(5): 600-608. (in Chinese)
[16]   Li X, Gou X H, Wang N L, et al. 2019. Tightening ecological management facilitates green development in the Qilian Mountains. Chinese Science Bulletin, 64(27): 2928-2937. (in Chinese)
[17]   Li X D, Long D, Huang Q, et al. 2019. High-temporal-resolution water level and storage change data sets for lakes on the Tibetan Plateau during 2000-2017 using multiple altimetric missions and Landsat-derived lake shoreline positions. Earth System Science Data, 11(4): 1603-1627.
doi: 10.5194/essd-11-1603-2019
[18]   Li X Y, Xu H Y, Sun Y L, et al. 2006. Lake-level change and water balance analysis at Lake Qinghai, West China during recent decades. Water Resources Management, 21(9): 1505-1516.
doi: 10.1007/s11269-006-9096-1
[19]   Li X Y, Ma Y J, Xu H Y, et al. 2009. Impact of land use and land cover change on environmental degradation in Lake Qinghai watershed, northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Land Degradation & Development, 20(1): 69-83.
doi: 10.1002/ldr.885
[20]   Lian X H, Qi Y, Wang H W, et al. 2020. Assessing changes of water yield in Qinghai Lake Watershed of China. Water, 12: 11, doi: 10.3390/w12010011.
doi: 10.3390/w12010011
[21]   Luo D L, Jin H J, Du H Q, et al. 2020. Variation of alpine lakes from 1986 to 2019 in the Headwater Area of the Yellow River, Tibetan Plateau using Google Earth Engine. Advances in Climate Change Research, 11(1): 11-21.
doi: 10.1016/j.accre.2020.05.007
[22]   Ma R H, Duan H T, Hu C M, et al, 2010. A half-century of changes in China's lakes: Global warming or human influence? Geophysical Research Letters, 37(24): L24106, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045514.
[23]   Mann H B. 1945. Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica, 13(3): 245-259.
doi: 10.2307/1907187
[24]   Medina C, Gomez-Enri J, Alonso J J, et al. 2010. Water volume variations in Lake Izabal (Guatemala) from in situ measurements and ENVISAT Radar Altimeter (RA-2) and Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) data products. Journal of Hydrology, 382: 34-48.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.016
[25]   Méndez-Tejeda R, Rosado G, Rivas D V, et al. 2016. Climate variability and its effects on the increased level of Lake Enriquillo in the Dominican Republic, 2000-2013. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 4(1): 26-36.
[26]   Nosetto M D, Jobbagy E G, Paruelo J M. 2005. Land-use change and water losses: the case of grassland afforestation across a soil textural gradient in central Argentina. Global Change Biology, 11(7): 1101-1117.
doi: 10.1111/gcb.2005.11.issue-7
[27]   Odongo V O, van Oel P R, van der Tol C, et al. 2019. Impact of land use and land cover transitions and climate on evapotranspiration in the Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya. Science of the Total Environment, 682: 19-30.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.062
[28]   Piao S L, Ciais P, Huang Y, et al. 2010. The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China. Nature, 467(7311): 43-51.
doi: 10.1038/nature09364
[29]   Qiao B J, Zhu L P, Yang R M. 2019. Temporal-spatial differences in lake water storage changes and their links to climate change throughout the Tibetan Plateau. Remote Sensing of Environment, 222: 232-243.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.12.037
[30]   Rodriguez-Iturbe I. 2000. Ecohydrology: A hydrologic perspective of climate-soil-vegetation dynamies. Water Resources Research, 36(1): 3-9.
doi: 10.1029/1999WR900210
[31]   Satgé F, Espinoza R, Zolá R, et al. 2017. Role of climate variability and human activity on Poopó Lake droughts between 1990 and 2015 assessed using remote sensing data. Remote Sensing, 9(3): 218, doi: 10.3390/rs9030218.
doi: 10.3390/rs9030218
[32]   Sellinger C E, Stow C A, Conrad Lamon E, et al. 2008. Recent water level declines in the Lake Michigan-Huron System. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(2): 367-373.
doi: 10.1021/es070664+
[33]   Su D S, Hu X Q, Wen L J, et al. 2019. Numerical study on the response of the largest lake in China to climate change. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 23(4): 2093-2109.
doi: 10.5194/hess-23-2093-2019
[34]   Tal A. 2019. The implications of climate change driven depletion of Lake Kinneret water levels: the compelling case for climate change-triggered precipitation impact on Lake Kinneret's low water levels. Science of the Total Environment, 664: 1045-1051.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.106
[35]   Tao S L, Fang J Y, Ma S H, et al. 2020. Changes in China's lakes: Climate and human impacts. National Science Review, 7: 132-140.
doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz103
[36]   van der Kamp G, Keir D, Evans M S. 2008. Long-term water level changes in closed-basin lakes of the Canadian Prairies. Canadian Water Resources Journal, 33(1): 23-38.
doi: 10.4296/cwrj3301023
[37]   Wang B B, Ma Y M, Ma W Q, et al. 2017. Physical controls on half-hourly, daily, and monthly turbulent flux and energy budget over a high-altitude small lake on the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122(4): 2289-2303.
doi: 10.1002/jgrd.v122.4
[38]   Wang D Z. 2020. Remote sensing analysis of water changes in Qinghai Lake in the past 30 years based on GEE. MSc Thesis. Xi'an: Northwest University. (in Chinese)
[39]   Wang L, Henderson M, Liu B H, et al. 2018a. Maximum and minimum soil surface temperature trends over China, 1965-2014. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(4): 2004-2016.
doi: 10.1002/2017JD027283
[40]   Wang L S, Chen C, Thomas M, et al. 2018b. Increased water storage of Lake Qinghai during 2004-2012 from GRACE data, hydrological models, radar altimetry and in situ measurements. Geophysical Journal International, 212(1): 679-693.
doi: 10.1093/gji/ggx443
[41]   Wang Y J, Qin D H. 2017. Influence of climate change and human activity on water resources in arid region of Northwest China: An overview. Advances in Climate Change Research, 8(4): 268-278.
doi: 10.1016/j.accre.2017.08.004
[42]   Xiao K, Griffis T J, Baker J M, et al. 2018. Evaporation from a temperate closed-basin lake and its impact on present, past, and future water level. Journal of Hydrology, 561: 59-75.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.03.059
[43]   Xu X D, Lu C G, Shi X H, et al. 2008. World water tower: An atmospheric perspective. Geophysical Research Letters, 35: L20815, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035867.
doi: 10.1029/2008GL035867
[44]   Yang J, Xie B P, Zhang D G, et al. 2021. Climate and land use change impacts on water yield ecosystem service in the Yellow River Basin, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80: 72, doi: 10.1007/s12665-020-09277-9.
doi: 10.1007/s12665-020-09277-9
[45]   Yao T D, Liu X D, Wang N L, et al. 2000. Amplitude of climatic changes in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(13): 1236-1243.
doi: 10.1007/BF02886087
[46]   Yu Y, Chen X, Malik I, et al. 2021. Spatiotemporal changes in water, land use, and ecosystem services in Central Asia considering climate changes and human activities. Journal of Arid Land, 13(9): 881-890.
doi: 10.1007/s40333-021-0084-3
[47]   Yue S, Pilon P, Phinney B. 2003. Canadian streamflow trend detection: impacts of serial and cross-correlation. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 48(1): 51-63.
doi: 10.1623/hysj.48.1.51.43478
[48]   Zhang G Q, Xie H J, Kang S C, et al. 2011a. Monitoring lake level changes on the Tibetan Plateau using ICESat altimetry data (2003-2009). Remote Sensing of Environment, 115(7): 1733-1742.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.005
[49]   Zhang G Q, Xie H J, Duan S Q, et al. 2011b. Water level variation of Lake Qinghai from satellite and in situ measurements under climate change. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 5(1): 053532, doi: 10.1117/1.3601363.
doi: 10.1117/1.3601363
[50]   Zhang G Q, Yao T D, Chen W F, et al. 2019. Regional differences of lake evolution across China during 1960s-2015 and its natural and anthropogenic causes. Remote Sensing of Environment, 221: 386-404.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.11.038
[51]   Zhang H Y, Wu Y H, Liu Y J, et al. 2018. Water storage variation of the Qinghai Lake in recent decades based on satellite observation. Progress in Geography, 37(6): 823-832. (in Chinese)
[52]   Zhong X Y, Wang L, Zhou J, et al. 2020. Precipitation dominates long-term water storage changes in Nam Co Lake (Tibetan Plateau) accompanied by intensified cryosphere melts revealed by a basin-wide hydrological modelling. Remote Sensing, 12: 1926, doi: 10.3390/rs12121926.
[53]   Zhou J, Wang L, Zhang Y S, et al. 2015. Exploring the water storage changes in the largest lake (Selin Co) over the Tibetan Plateau during 2003-2012 from a basin-wide hydrological modeling. Water Resources Research, 51: 8060-8086.
doi: 10.1002/wrcr.v51.10
[54]   Zhou J, Wang L, Zhong X Y, et al. 2022. Quantifying the major drivers for the expanding lakes in the interior Tibetan Plateau. Science Bulletin, 67: 474-478.
doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.11.010
[55]   Zhu W B, Jia S F, Lv A F. 2014. Monitoring the fluctuation of Lake Qinghai using multi-source remote sensing data. Remote Sensing, 6(11): 10457-10482.
doi: 10.3390/rs61110457
[56]   Zohary T, Ostrovsky I S. 2011. Ecological impacts of excessive water level fluctuations in stratified freshwater lakes. Inland Waters, 1(1): 47-59.
doi: 10.5268/IW
[1] CHEN Zhuo, SHAO Minghao, HU Zihao, GAO Xin, LEI Jiaqiang. Potential distribution of Haloxylon ammodendron in Central Asia under climate change[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(9): 1255-1269.
[2] SUN Chao, BAI Xuelian, WANG Xinping, ZHAO Wenzhi, WEI Lemin. Response of vegetation variation to climate change and human activities in the Shiyang River Basin of China during 2001-2022[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(8): 1044-1061.
[3] YAN Yujie, CHENG Yiben, XIN Zhiming, ZHOU Junyu, ZHOU Mengyao, WANG Xiaoyu. Impacts of climate change and human activities on vegetation dynamics on the Mongolian Plateau, East Asia from 2000 to 2023[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(8): 1062-1079.
[4] LU Qing, KANG Haili, ZHANG Fuqing, XIA Yuanping, YAN Bing. Impact of climate and human activity on NDVI of various vegetation types in the Three-River Source Region, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(8): 1080-1097.
[5] YANG Jianhua, LI Yaqian, ZHOU Lei, ZHANG Zhenqing, ZHOU Hongkui, WU Jianjun. Effects of temperature and precipitation on drought trends in Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(8): 1098-1117.
[6] HAN Qifei, XU Wei, LI Chaofan. Effects of nitrogen deposition on the carbon budget and water stress in Central Asia under climate change[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(8): 1118-1129.
[7] WANG Tongxia, CHEN Fulong, LONG Aihua, ZHANG Zhengyong, HE Chaofei, LYU Tingbo, LIU Bo, HUANG Yanhao. Glacier area change and its impact on runoff in the Manas River Basin, Northwest China from 2000 to 2020[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(7): 877-894.
[8] DU Lan, TIAN Shengchuan, ZHAO Nan, ZHANG Bin, MU Xiaohan, TANG Lisong, ZHENG Xinjun, LI Yan. Climate and topography regulate the spatial pattern of soil salinization and its effects on shrub community structure in Northwest China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(7): 925-942.
[9] ZUBAIDA Muyibul. Trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services in Yutian County along the Keriya River Basin, Northwest China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(7): 943-962.
[10] Haq S MARIFATUL, Darwish MOHAMMED, Waheed MUHAMMAD, Kumar MANOJ, Siddiqui H MANZER, Bussmann W RAINER. Predicting potential invasion risks of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit in the arid area of Saudi Arabia[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(7): 983-999.
[11] Seyed Morteza MOUSAVI, Hossein BABAZADEH, Mahdi SARAI-TABRIZI, Amir KHOSROJERDI. Assessment of rehabilitation strategies for lakes affected by anthropogenic and climatic changes: A case study of the Urmia Lake, Iran[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(6): 752-767.
[12] LI Chuanhua, ZHANG Liang, WANG Hongjie, PENG Lixiao, YIN Peng, MIAO Peidong. Influence of vapor pressure deficit on vegetation growth in China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(6): 779-797.
[13] LU Haitian, ZHAO Ruifeng, ZHAO Liu, LIU Jiaxin, LYU Binyang, YANG Xinyue. Impact of climate change and human activities on the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(6): 798-815.
[14] ZHU Haiqiang, WANG Jinlong, TANG Junhu, DING Zhaolong, GONG Lu. Spatiotemporal variations of ecosystem services and driving factors in the Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve of Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(6): 816-833.
[15] CHEN Jiazhen, KASIMU Alimujiang, REHEMAN Rukeya, WEI Bohao, HAN Fuqiang, ZHANG Yan. Temporal and spatial variation and prediction of water yield and water conservation in the Bosten Lake Basin based on the PLUS-InVEST model[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2024, 16(6): 852-875.