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Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land  2020, Vol. 12 Issue (2): 215-226    DOI: 10.1007/s40333-020-0009-6     CSTR: 32276.14.s40333-020-0009-6
Research article     
Responses of plant community to the linkages in plant-soil C:N:P stoichiometry during secondary succession of abandoned farmlands, China
LIU Weichao1,2, FU Shuyue1,2, YAN Shengji1, REN Chengjie1,2, WU Shaojun1,2, DENG Jian3, LI Boyong1, HAN Xinhui1,2,*(), YANG Gaihe1,2
1 College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2 Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
3 School of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
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Abstract  

Succession is one of the central themes of ecology; however, the relationship between aboveground plant communities and underground soils during secondary succession remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the composition of plant community, plant-soil C:N:P stoichiometry and their relationships during secondary succession after the abandonment of farmlands for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 a in China, 2016. Results showed that the composition of plant communities was most diverse in the farmlands after secondary succession for 20 and 50 a. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents slightly decreased after secondary succession for 30 a, but both were significantly higher than those of control farmland (31.21%-139.10% and 24.24%-121.21%, respectively). Moreover, C:N ratios of soil and microbe greatly contributed to the changes in plant community composition during secondary succession of abandoned farmlands, explaining 35.70% of the total variation. Particularly, soil C:N ratio was significantly and positively related with the Shannon-Wiener index. This study provides the evidence of synchronous evolution between plant community and soil during secondary succession and C:N ratio is an important linkage between them.

Key words： C:N ratio      soil nutrient      plant community      restoration      loess hilly region     
Received: 12 January 2019      Published: 10 March 2020
Corresponding Authors:
About author: *Corresponding author: HAN Xinhui (E-mail: hanxinhui@nwsuaf.edu.cn)

The first and second authors contributed equally to this work.
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Weichao LIU
Shuyue FU
Shengji YAN
Chengjie REN
Shaojun WU
Jian DENG
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Xinhui HAN
Gaihe YANG
Cite this article:

LIU Weichao, FU Shuyue, YAN Shengji, REN Chengjie, WU Shaojun, DENG Jian, LI Boyong, HAN Xinhui, YANG Gaihe. Responses of plant community to the linkages in plant-soil C:N:P stoichiometry during secondary succession of abandoned farmlands, China. Journal of Arid Land, 2020, 12(2): 215-226.

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http://jal.xjegi.com/10.1007/s40333-020-0009-6     OR     http://jal.xjegi.com/Y2020/V12/I2/215

Parameter FL AL10 AL20 AL30 AL40 AL50
Location 36.86°N,
109.35°E		 36.73°N,
109.28°E		 36.76°N,
109.27°E		 36.74°N,
109.28°E		 36.76°N,
109.28°E		 36.74°N,
109.28°E
Elevation (m) 1205.40 1239.10 1095.60 1290.80 1103.10 1251.20
Slope aspect (°) - 290 200 319 70 237
pH 8.55±0.11a 8.59±0.05a 8.62±0.02a 8.56±0.04a 8.58±0.05a 8.50±0.03a
BD (g/cm3) 1.26±0.03a 1.04±0.01b 1.02±0.01b 1.07±0.06a 1.08±0.03b 1.06±0.03b
SMC (%) 9.05±0.38c 9.29±0.49c 14.18±0.31a 9.60±0.20c 11.57±0.15b 10.78±0.02b
Dominant
species		 Setaria italica Setaria
viridis		 Stipa
grandis+
Artemisia
melinii		 Setaria
viridis+
Roegneria
kamoji		 Artemisia
gmelinii+
Lespedeza
floribunda		 Artemisia
gmelinii
Shannon-Wiener
index		 - 1.84±0.06c 2.41±0.02ab 2.12±0.16bc 2.27±0.13ab 2.58±0.02a
Margalef index - 3.20±0.18b 3.96±0.24a 3.27±0.06ab 2.99±0.30b 3.64±0.21ab
Table 1 Information of farmland with different restored ages
Family AL10 AL20 AL30 AL40 AL50
Valerianaceae 0.00 5.23 0.00 0.00 1.23
Labiatae 0.28 0.00 3.53 1.07 1.74
Euphorbiaceae 4.21 0.00 1.82 0.00 0.00
Leguminosae 12.86 17.13 6.54 26.80 18.95
Gramineae 55.91 25.39 59.77 16.51 28.90
Violaceae 0.00 2.65 0.00 2.60 0.27
Compositae 10.21 32.20 16.53 27.07 39.87
Chenopodiaceae 2.25 0.00 6.21 0.45 0.00
Orobanchaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.70
Asclepiadaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.87 0.00
Geraniaceae 6.36 0.47 0.63 0.00 0.00
Ranunculaceae 0.00 0.80 0.00 1.35 0.00
Rubiaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65
Rosaceae 0.00 7.24 0.00 8.04 5.96
Umbelliferae 0.00 1.72 0.00 0.00 0.80
Cyperaceae 0.00 5.75 0.00 8.98 0.24
Cruciferae 0.99 0.00 2.80 0.64 0.00
Convolvulaceae 2.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Polygalaceae 0.00 1.42 0.64 0.63 0.71
Bignoniaceae 4.73 0.00 1.52 0.00 0.00
Table 2 Changes of important value in different plant families and farmlands with different abandoned ages
Fig. 1 Plant community comparisons by nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis plots based on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity under farmlands with different abandoned ages. AL10, AL20, AL30, AL40 and AL50 mean abandoned farmlands for 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 a, respectively.
Parameter FL AL10 AL20 AL30 AL40 AL50
Plant C (g/kg) 0.00±0.00 356.29±16.40b 385.65±6.72ab 422.47±14.88a 390.66±9.26ab 381.78±11.88ab
Plant N (g/kg) 0.00±0.00 10.92±0.60c 10.54±0.45c 17.37±0.25a 13.30±1.20b 6.56±0.51d
Plant P (g/kg) 0.00±0.00 1.83±0.10a 1.61±0.07a 1.27±0.01b 1.81±0.11a 1.71±0.01a
SOC (g/kg) 2.98±0.05e 3.91±0.19d 4.11±0.10cd 5.35±0.16a 4.89±0.08b 4.31±0.08c
Soil N (g/kg) 0.33±0.01e 0.41±0.02d 0.50±0.03d 0.73±0.03a 0.62±0.01b 0.59±0.01b
Soil P (g/kg) 0.46±0.02a 0.52±0.03a 0.49±0.05a 0.51±0.04a 0.52±0.03a 0.56±0.02a
Microbe C (mg/kg) 71.69±2.61d 103.94±8.76c 123.35±6.08c 171.41±6.38b 194.78±5.36a 195.98±9.01a
Microbe N (mg/kg) 10.82±0.10e 13.82±0.88c 16.84±0.88c 23.90±0.99a 21.48±0.58b 17.42±0.55d
Microbe P (mg/kg) 4.90±0.18c 7.75±0.92b 7.93±0.49b 8.29±0.37b 9.07±0.39ab 10.64±0.72a
Table 3 C, N and P contents in plant, soil and microbe
Fig. 2 Plant-microbe-soil C:N:P stoichiometric ratios under farmlands with different abandoned ages. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among farmlands with different abandoned ages at P<0.05 level. Bars are standard errors. FL, farmland. AL10, AL20, AL30, AL40 and AL50 mean abandoned farmlands for 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 a, respectively.
Fig. 3 Relationships among plant-microbe-soil C:N:P stoichiometric ratios
Index C:N ratio of
soil		 C:P ratio of
soil		 N:P ratio of
soil		 C:N ratio of microbe C:P ratio of microbe N:P ratio of
microbe
Shannon-Wiener -0.552* -0.230 -0.009 0.535* 0.164 -0.218
Margelef -0.063 -0.240 -0.177 0.083 -0.305 -0.332
ED -0.069 -0.190 -0.096 0.403 0.085 -0.227
Table 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient between plant diversity index and C:N:P stoichiometry
Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination biplot of plant communities (blue arrows) and C:N:P stoichiometric ratios (red arrows). MCN, C:N ratio of microbe; MCP, C:P ratio of microbe; MNP, N:P ratio of microbe; BCN, C:N ratio of plant; BCP, C:P ratio of plant; BNP, N:P ratio of plant; SCN, SOC:N ratio of soil; SCP, SOC:P ratio of soil; SNP, N:P ratio of soil; Val, Valerianaceae; Lab, Labiatae; Eup, Euphorbiaceae; Leg, Leguminosae; Gra, Gramineae; Vio, Violaceae; Com, Compositae; Che, Chenopodiaceae; Oro, Orobanchaceae; Asc, Asclepiadaceae; Ger, Geraniaceae; Ran, Ranunculaceae; Rub, Rubiaceae; Ros, Rosaceae; Umb, Umbelliferae; Cyp, Cyperaceae; Cru, Cruciferae; Con, Convolvulaceae; Pol, Polygalaceae; Big, Bignoniaceae.
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