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| Radial profile of sap flow velocity in mature Xinjiang poplar (Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) in Northwest China |
| HongZhong DANG1*, TianShan ZHA2, JinSong ZHANG3, Wei LI1, ShiZeng LIU4 |
1 Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
2 School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
3 Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
4 Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Lanzhou 730070, China |
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Abstract Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity (Js) was investigated at five depths of the xylem (1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium) in three mature Xinjiang poplar (Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier’s design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of Js through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak Js was about 27.02±0.95 kg/(dm2•d) at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees，and the lowest Js appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem (at 8-cm depth), which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with Js,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/(dm2•d). The radial pattern of Js was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August (the mid-growing season). Maximum differences between the lowest Js (Js,1 or Js,8 ) and the highest Js (Js,3 or Js,5) from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/(cm2•h), respectively. The time-dependent changes of Js along the radial profile (except at 1-cm depth) were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration (ET0). Due to significant radial variability of Js, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used. However, the accuracy of the estimation of sap flow in Xinjiang poplar could be significantly improved using a correction coefficient of 0.885.
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Received: 02 August 2013
Published: 12 October 2014
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| Fund: This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070628). We would like to thank ZhengGang GUO, Feng WANG, Feng DING and YongHua LI for their resourceful discussions and suggestions. |
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Corresponding Authors:
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