| Brief Communication |
|
|
|
|
| Canopy interception loss in a Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest of Northeast China |
| LI Yi1, CAI Tijiu1,2*, MAN Xiuling2, SHENG Houcai2, JU Cunyong2 |
1 Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
2 College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China |
|
|
|
Abstract Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is one of the main species to be afforested in deserts of China. But little work has been carried out on the canopy interception loss of this plant species. For researching the canopy in-terception loss of a natural P. sylvestris forest, we observed the gross precipitation, gross snowfall, throughfall and stemflow in a sample plot at the Forest Ecosystem Research Station of Mohe in the Great Khingan Mountains of Northeast China from July 2012 to September 2013. Considering the spatial variability of the throughfall, we increased the area rather than the number of collector and randomly relocated them once a week. The results demonstrated that the throughfall, stemflow, and derived estimates of rainfall and snowfall interception loss during the main rainy and snowy seasons were 77.12%±5.70%, 0.80%, 22.08%±5.51% and 21.39%±1.21% of the incident rainfall or snowfall, respectively. The stemflow didn’t occur unless the accu-mulated rainfall reached up to 4.8 mm. And when the gross precipitation became rich enough, the stemflow increased with increasing tree diameters. Our analysis revealed that throughfall was not observed when rainfall was no more than 0.99 mm, indicating that the canopy storage capacity at saturation was 0.99 mm for P. sylvestris forest.
|
|
Received: 02 December 2014
Published: 10 December 2015
|
| Fund: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370460) |
|
Corresponding Authors:
|
|
|
| Aboal J R, Morales D, Hernández M, et al. 1999. The measurement and modelling of the variation of stemflow in a laurel forest in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Journal of Hydrology, 221(3–4): 161–175. Calder I R, Rosier P T W. 1976. The design of large plastic-sheet net-rainfall gauges. Journal of Hydrology, 30(4): 403–405. Calder I R. 1996. Dependence of rainfall interception on drop size: 1. Development of the two-layer stochastic model. Journal of Hydrology, 185(1–4): 363–378. Carlyle-Moses D E, Price A G. 1999. An evaluation of the Gash interception model in a northern hardwood stand. Journal of Hydrology, 214(1–4): 103–110. Chen S J, Chen C G, Zou B C, et al. 2012. Time lag effects and rainfall redistribution traits of the canopy of natural secondary Pinus tabulaeformis on precipitation in the Qinling Mountains, China. Acta Ecological Sinica, 32(4): 1142–1150. (in Chinese)Gash J H C. 1979. An analytical model of rainfall interception by forests. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 105(443): 43–45. Gerrits A M J, Savenije H H G. 2011. Interception. In: Peter W. Treatise on Water Science, 2. Oxford: Academic Press, 89–101. Gong H D, Wang K Y, Yang W Q, et al. 2005. Throughfall and stemflow in a primary spruce forest in the subalpine of western Sichuan. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 41(1): 198–201. (in Chinese)Helvey J D, Patric J H. 1965. Canopy and litter interception of rainfall by hardwoods of eastern United States. Water Re-sources Research, 1(2): 193–206. Herbst M, Rosier P T W, McNeil D D, et al. 2008. Seasonal varia-bility of interception evaporation from the canopy of a mixed deciduous forest. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology, 148(11): 1655–1667. Herwitz S R. 1987. Raindrop impact and water flow on the vege-tative surfaces of trees and the effects on stemflow and throughfall generation. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 12(4): 425–432. Holwerda F, Scatena F N, Bruijnzeel L A. 2006. Throughfall in a Puerto Rican lower montane rain forest: a comparison of sam-pling strategies. Journal of Hydrology, 327(3–4): 592–602. Hörmann G, Branding A, Clemen T, et al. 1996. Calculation and simulation of wind controlled canopy interception of a beech forest in Northern Germany. Agriculture and Forest Meteorol-ogy, 79(3): 131–148. Huang J, Hu H B, Zhang J Y, et al. 2009. Canopy interception characteristics of bamboo forests in northern semitropics. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University: Natural Science Edition, 33(2): 31–34. (in Chinese)Keim R F, Skaugset A. 2003. Modelling effects of forest canopies on slope stability. Hydrological Processes, 17(7): 1457–1467. Lanly J. 1982. Tropical forest resources. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) paper no. 30. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. [2014-09-10]. http://www.ciesin.org/docs/002-113/002-113.html. Lawrence G B, Fernandez I J. 1993. A reassessment of areal var-iability of throughfall deposition measurements. Ecological Applications, 3(3): 473–480. Levia D F, Jr, Frost E E. 2003. A review and evaluation of stemflow literature in the hydrologic and biogeochemical cy-cles of forested and agricultural ecosystems. Journal of Hy-drology, 274(1–4): 1–29. Levia D F, Carlyle-Moses D, Tanaka T. 2011. Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 407–425. Liu H L, Cai T J, Man X L, et al. 2012. Effects of major forest types of Xiaoxing’an Mountains on the process of snowfall, snow cover and snow melting. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 34(2): 20–25. (in Chinese)Lloyd C R, De O Marques-Filho A. 1988. Spatial variability of throughfall and stemflow measurements in Amazonian rain-forest. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology, 42(1): 63–73.Manfroi O J, Koichiro K, Nobuaki T, et al. 2004. The stemflow of trees in a Bornean lowland tropical forest. Hydrological Pro-cesses, 18(13): 2455–2474. Martinez-Meza E, Whitford W G. 1996. Stemflow, throughfall and channelization of stemflow by roots in three Chihuahuan desert shrubs. Journal of Arid Environments, 32(3): 271–287. Mitchell D J, Fullen M A, Trueman I C, et al. 1998. Sustainability of reclaimed desertified land in Ningxia, China. Journal of Arid Environments, 39(2): 239–251. National Meteorological Information Center of the People’s Re-public of China. 2012. Grade of Precipitation. Beijing: China Zhijian Publishing House, 1–8. (in Chinese)Neary A J, Gizyn W I. 1994. Throughfall and stemflow chemistry under deciduous and coniferous forest canopies in south-central Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24(6): 1089–1100. Rodrigo A, Àvila A. 2001. Influence of sampling size in the esti-mation of mean throughfall in two Mediterranean holm oak forests. Journal of Hydrology, 243(3–4): 216–227. Roth B E, Slatton K C, Cohen M J. 2007. On the potential for high-resolution lidar to improve rainfall interception estimates in forest ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 5(8): 421–428. Rutter A J, Morton A J, Robins P C. 1975. A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests. II. Generalization of the model and comparison with observations in some coniferous and hardwood stands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 12(1): 367–380. Sheng H C, Cai T J, Zhu D G, et al. 2009. Rainfall redistribution and hydrochemical characteristics in the Larch plantation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 23(2): 79–83. (in Chinese)Sheng H C, Cai T J, Li Y, et al. 2014. Rainfall redistribution in Larix gmelinii forest on northern of Daxing’an Mountains, Northeast of China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 28(6): 101–105. (in Chinese)Sheng X J, Wang S G, Guan D X, et al. 2010. Canopy interception in larch plantations: Measurement and modeling in Eastern Liao-ning Mountainous Region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 21(12): 3021–3028. (in Chinese)State Forestry Administration of the People’s Republic of China. 2011. Observation Methodology for Long-term Forest Eco-system Research. Beijing: Phoenix Press. [2014-11-8]. http://www.cfern.org/wjpicture/upload/bzgf/bzgf2011-10-10-8-13-39.pdf. (in Chinese)Tsiko C T, Makurira H, Gerrits A M J, et al. 2012. Measuring forest floor and canopy interception in a savannah ecosystem. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 47–48: 122–127. Whelan M J, Anderson J M. 1996. Modelling spatial patterns of throughfall and interception loss in a Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantation at the plot scale. Journal of Hydrology, 186(1–4): 335–354. Xie F J, Xiao D N, Li X Z. 2007. Forest crown density restoration and influencing factors in the burned area of northern Great Hing’an Mountains of China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27(3): 879−888. (in Chinese)Shachnovich Y, Berliner P R, Bar P. 2008. Rainfall interception and spatial distribution of throughfall in a pine forest planted in an arid zone. Journal of Hydrology, 349(1–2): 168−177. Zhou M. 2003. Research on the hydrological process and laws of Larix gmelini ecosystem at the Greater Xing’an Mountains. PhD Dissertation. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University. (in Chinese) |
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
